Wall shear stress modulates metabolic pathways in endothelial cells.

Introduction: Hemodynamic forces play a crucial role in modulating endothelial cell (EC) behavior, significantly influencing blood vessel responses. While traditional in vitro studies often explore ECs under static conditions, ECs are exposed to various hemodynamic forces in vivo. This study investigates how wall shear stress (WSS) influences EC metabolism, focusing on the interplay between WSS and key metabolic pathways.

Predictors of pelvic acceleration during treadmill running across various stride frequency conditions.

Pelvic running injuries often require extensive rehabilitation and pelvic girdle pain is a barrier to running engagement in population sub-groups, such as perinatal women. However, exploration into how external pelvic loading may be altered during running is limited. This study assessed which biomechanical variables influence changes in external peak pelvic acceleration during treadmill running, across various stride frequency conditions.

Chiral induction at the nanoscale and spin selectivity in electron transmission in chiral methylated BEDT-TTF derivatives.

Great efforts have been made in the last few decades to realize electronic devices based on organic molecules. A possible approach in this field is to exploit the chirality of organic molecules for the development of spintronic devices, an applicative way to implement the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. In this work we exploit enantiopure tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives as chiral inducers at the nanoscale.

Irregular sleep/wake patterns in student-athletes exposed to early morning training.

This study aimed to examine the sleep parameters and sleep/wake regularity of a cohort of student-athletes who start training between 06:30 and 07:00. Twenty-one male Rugby Union players, aged 21 ± 2 years and competing at a national level, were assessed using actigraphy over two weeks, and the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Sleep/wake regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI).

Predicting Robotic Hysterectomy Incision Time: Optimizing Surgical Scheduling with Machine Learning.

Background And Objectives: Operating rooms (ORs) are critical for hospital revenue and cost management, with utilization efficiency directly affecting financial outcomes. Traditional surgical scheduling often results in suboptimal OR use. We aim to build a machine learning (ML) model to predict incision times for robotic-assisted hysterectomies, enhancing scheduling accuracy and hospital finances.

Consortium-driven rapid software validation for Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap).

There is a growing trend for studies run by academic and nonprofit organizations to have regulatory submission requirements. As a result, there is greater reliance on REDCap, an electronic data capture (EDC) widely used by researchers in these organizations. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the Rapid Validation Process (RVP) developed by the REDCap Consortium, aimed at enhancing regulatory compliance and operational efficiency in response to the dynamic demands of modern clinical research.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in U4 and U6 snRNAs cause retinitis pigmentosa.

The U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) forms a duplex with the U6 snRNA and, together with U5 and ∼30 proteins, is part of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP complex, located at the core of the major spliceosome. Recently, recurrent variants in the U4 RNA, transcribed from the gene, and in at least two other genes were discovered to cause neurodevelopmental disorder.

Multi-omics and biochemical reconstitution reveal CDK7-dependent mechanisms controlling RNA polymerase II function at gene 5'- and 3'-ends.

CDK7 regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) initiation, elongation, and termination through incompletely understood mechanisms. Because contaminating kinases precluded CDK7 analysis with nuclear extracts, we completed biochemical assays with purified factors. Reconstitution of RNAPII transcription initiation showed CDK7 inhibition slowed and/or paused RNAPII promoter-proximal transcription, which reduced re-initiation.

APMAT analysis reveals the association between CD8 T cell receptors, cognate antigen, and T cell phenotype and persistence.

Elucidating the relationships between a class I peptide antigen, a CD8 T cell receptor (TCR) specific to that antigen, and the T cell phenotype that emerges following antigen stimulation, remains a mostly unsolved problem, largely due to the lack of large data sets that can be mined to resolve such relationships. Here, we describe Antigen-TCR Pairing and Multiomic Analysis of T-cells (APMAT), an integrated experimental-computational framework designed for the high-throughput capture and analysis of CD8 T cells, with paired antigen, TCR sequence, and single-cell transcriptome. Starting with 951 putative antigens representing a comprehensive survey of the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteome, we utilize APMAT for the capture and single cell analysis of CD8 T cells from 62 HLA A*02:01 COVID-19 participants.

Ensemble priming via competitive inhibition: local mechanisms of sensory context storage and deviance detection in the neocortical column.

The process by which neocortical neurons and circuits amplify their response to an unexpected change in stimulus, often referred to as deviance detection (DD), has long been thought to be the product of specialized cell types and/or routing between mesoscopic brain areas. Here, we explore a different theory, whereby DD emerges from local network-level interactions within a neocortical column. We propose that deviance-driven neural dynamics can emerge through interactions between ensembles of neurons that have a fundamental inhibitory motif: competitive inhibition between reciprocally connected ensembles under modulation from feed-forward selective (dis)inhibition.

Controlled PVA Release from Chemical-Physical Interpenetrating Networks to Treat Dry Eyes.

Dry eye disease is becoming increasingly prevalent, and lubricating eye drops, a mainstay of its treatment, have a short duration of time on the ocular surface. Although there are various drug delivery methods to increase the ocular surface residence time of a topical lubricant, the main problem is the burst release from these delivery systems. To overcome this limitation, herein, a chemical-physical interpenetrating network (IPN) was fabricated to take control over the release of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a well-known therapeutic agent used to stabilize tear film, from gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels.

Tuning Printability and Adhesion of a Silver-Based Ink for High-Performance Strain Gauges Manufactured via Direct Ink Writing.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are critical in ensuring the safety of space exploration, as spacecraft and structures can experience detrimental stresses and strains. By deploying conventional strain gauges, SHM systems can promptly detect and assess localized strain behaviors in structures; however, these strain gauges are limited by low sensitivity (gauge factor, GF ∼ 2). This study introduces an approach to printing strain gauges with high sensitivity, while also considering stretchability and long-term durability.

Global transcriptome changes during growth of a novel Penicillium coffeae isolate on the wheat stripe rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

Wheat stripe rust caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is currently the most destructive disease of wheat.

Trends and Epidemiology in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Large Database Study.

Background: The clinical and financial burden of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) continues to grow. Therefore, further investigation is needed to characterize case volume, reason for failure, and postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to characterize contemporary indications for and complications following rTHA.

A study of internal structure validity for the American board of surgery in training examination.

Background: As principles of competency-based medical education are implemented into graduate medical education [GME] programs, it is imperative that the assessments employed are reliable and valid. Internal structure is a core component of validity evidence that has been under studied. In this study, we examined elements of the internal structure for the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination [ABSITE].

Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Dolutegravir and Lamivudine 2-Drug Regimen in People Living with HIV: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC) demonstrated high rates of virologic suppression (VS) and low rates of virologic failure (VF), discontinuation, and drug resistance in randomized trials. Real-world evidence can support treatment effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in clinical practice and aid in treatment decisions.

Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify studies using DTG + 3TC (January 2013-March 2024).

Anti-correlation of LacI association and dissociation rates observed in living cells.

The rate at which transcription factors (TFs) bind their cognate sites has long been assumed to be limited by diffusion, and thus independent of binding site sequence. Here, we systematically test this assumption using cell-to-cell variability in gene expression as a window into the in vivo association and dissociation kinetics of the model transcription factor LacI. Using a stochastic model of the relationship between gene expression variability and binding kinetics, we performed single-cell gene expression measurements to infer association and dissociation rates for a set of 35 different LacI binding sites.

Understanding the Mechanism of Electrochemical CO Capture by Supercapacitive Swing Adsorption.

Carbon dioxide capture underpins an important range of technologies that can help to mitigate climate change. Improved carbon capture technologies that are driven by electrochemistry are under active development, and it was recently found that supercapacitor energy storage devices can reversibly capture and release carbon dioxide. So-called supercapacitive swing adsorption (SSA) has several advantages over traditional carbon dioxide capture technologies such as lower energy consumption and the use of nontoxic materials.

Silver N-heterocyclic biscarbene complexes: Potent inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase with anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo.

Silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are known to form biscarbene species from monocarbene analogs in protic polar solvents. However, the effect of the respective species of silver NHC complexes on their biological activity against bacteria or cancer cells has not been systematically explored, either in vitro or in vivo. The direct and simple conversion of monocarbene silver N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) halide complexes (NHC)AgX, (X= Cl, Br) 1a/b - 5a/b to their biscarbene analogues (NHC)2AgX 1c/d - 5c/d is reported.

Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention.

Consider prescribing doxycycline as prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in certain clinical scenarios. New data suggests that a one-time dose of 200 mg doxycycline taken within 72 hours of an unprotected sexual encounter may reduce transmission of syphilis, gonorrhea and chlamydia by a combined two thirds in a high-risk population.