N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduces Leishmania amazonensis-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice.

Background: Leishmaniasis is a emergent disease characterized by different clinical manifestations in both humans and dogs. Predominant clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis are ulcerative painless skin lesions. Several data reported that pain is associated with human and dog leishmaniasis, out with areas of painless ulcerative lesions per se.

The Role of Annexin A1 and Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/3 Signaling in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Depression-Like behaviors and Impairment in Hippocampal-Dependent Memory.

Background: The activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is commonly dysregulated in stress-related psychiatric disorders. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an endogenous ligand of Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR) 2/3, is a member of the family of phospholipid- and calcium-binding proteins with a well-defined role in the delayed early inhibitory feedback of Glucocorticoids (GC) in the pituitary gland and implicated in the occurrence of behavioural disorders such as anxiety.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of ANXA1 and its main receptor, as a cellular mediator of behavioural disorders, in a model of Corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression and subsequently, the possible correlation between the depressive state and impairment of hippocampal memory.

Plumericin prevents intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by an inflammatory and oxidative stress condition in the intestinal tissue. In this study, we evaluated the effect of plumericin, one of the main bioactive components of Himatanthus sucuuba (Woodson) bark, on intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress, both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of plumericin (0.

Effect of Tempol, a Membrane-Permeable Free Radical Scavenger, on Model of Eye Inflammation on Rabbit Corneal Cells.

Inflammatory corneal diseases such as bacterial keratitis provoke severe injury to the visual functions and physical structure, leading to opaqueness, wounding, damage to the cornea, and even long-lasting vision loss. Usually antioxidant substances have been of great attention as candidate therapies in the management of keratitis in both humans and animals. Based on the findings, the aim of our research was to examine the effects of Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl), a membrane-permeable free radical scavenger with exclusive antioxidant properties, on model of eye inflammation of rabbit corneal cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Seruminstitute Rabbit Cornea).

Melatonin Plus Folic Acid Treatment Ameliorates Reserpine-Induced Fibromyalgia: An Evaluation of Pain, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by increased sensory perception of pain, neuropathic/neurodegenerative modifications, oxidative, and nitrosative stress. An appropriate therapy is hard to find, and the currently used treatments are able to target only one of these aspects.

Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of melatonin plus folic acid administration in a rat model of reserpine-induced fibromyalgia.

Safety and efficacy of a new micronized formulation of the ALIAmide palmitoylglucosamine in preclinical models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain.

Background: Osteoarthritis is increasingly recognized as the result of a complex interplay between inflammation, chrondrodegeneration, and pain. Joint mast cells are considered to play a key role in orchestrating this detrimental triad. ALIAmides down-modulate mast cells and more generally hyperactive cells.

Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies.

Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood-brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis.

-Palmitoylethanolamide-Oxazoline Protects against Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Injury in Diabetic Rats by Regulating the SIRT1 Pathway.

Unlabelled: Diabetes causes various macrovascular and microvascular alterations, often culminating in major clinical complications (first of all, stroke) that lack an effective therapeutic intervention. -palmitoylethanolamide-oxazoline (PEA-OXA) possesses anti-inflammatory and potent neuroprotective effects. Although recent studies have explained the neuroprotective properties of PEA-OXA, nothing is known about its effects in treating cerebral ischemia.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Palmitoylethanolamide and Its New Formulations in Synergy with Different Antioxidant Molecules Present in Diets.

The use of a complete nutritional approach seems increasingly promising to combat chronic inflammation. The choice of healthy sources of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, associated with regular physical activity and avoidance of smoking is essential to fight the war against chronic diseases. At the base of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant action of the diets, there are numerous molecules, among which some of a lipidic nature very active in the inflammatory pathway.

The neuroprotective effects of micronized PEA (PEA-m) formulation on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a complication of diabetes connected with morbidity and mortality. DPN presents deterioration of peripheral nerves with pain, feebleness, and loss of sensation. Particular medications might display their remedial potential by controlling neuroinflammation.

Co-ultraPEALut: Role in Preclinical and Clinical Delirium Manifestations.

Background: Delirium is a disorder in awareness, attention and cognition. Pathophysiologically it is a response to stress. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a usual complication in aged patients following hip fracture surgery.

Interferon Alpha Has a Strong Anti-tumor Effect in Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Background: Despite the important progress in the research of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), treatment options are still limited. Currently, a cytoreductive approach is the backbone treatment, with hydroxyurea (HU) being the most important agent. However, this drug is not always well-tolerated and has been questionably linked to a potential leukemogenic effect.

Susceptibility of erythrocytes from different sources to xenobiotics-induced lysis.

As erythrocytes are continuously exposed to plenty of metabolites and toxicants, the aim of the present work is to show whether erythrocytes from different sources may exhibit different susceptibility to hemolysis induced by two classes of xenobiotics, Cnidaria venoms, acting via pore forming mechanism on cell membrane, and Cd, inducing cell damage mainly via lipid peroxidation. To this end, the hemolytic power of crude venom from stinging cells of the anthozoan Aiptasia mutabilis and from the scyphozoan Pelagia noctiluca has been tested, along with Cd (5 to 20 mM), on erythrocytes (0.05% v/v) obtained from either rabbit, or dog, or chicken, or human source.

A randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) in pre-surgical breast cancer patients at early stage (T1-T2).

Following the potent efficacy of β-D-Mannuronic acid in a breast cancer murine model, we evaluated the efficacy of this novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in breast cancer patients in the present clinical trial. The study was an 8-week randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial (IRCT: 2017012213739N7 (in 48 pre-surgical breast cancer patients. Patients who had breast cancer at early stage, with invasive ductal carcinoma, were placed on a waiting-list for surgery and were allocated to the study.

Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurological Disorders.

Glutamate is a fundamental excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), playing key roles in memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, excessive glutamate release has been implicated in neuronal cell death. There are both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), the latter of which can be divided into eight subtypes and three subgroups based on homology sequence and their effects on cell signaling.

Formyl peptide receptor 1 signalling promotes experimental colitis in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterised by intricate immune cell interactions with tissue cells and such cross-talks can become deregulated. The formyl peptide receptor 1 (Fpr1) is expressed by both immune and stromal cells including epithelial cells. We evaluated the development of the physiopathology of the DNBS induced colitis in Fpr1 KO mice on the C57BL/6 genetic background compared to C57BL/6 genetic background animals.

Treatment With a Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Bergamot Juice Improved Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis in Rats.

In this study, we investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich fraction of Bergamot juice (BJe) in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis induced by a single intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Periodontitis was induced by a single intragingival injection of 1 μl LPS (10 μg/μl) derived from in sterile saline solution. The injection was made in the mesolateral side at the interdental papilla between the first and the second molar.

TLR-4/Wnt modulation as new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of glioblastomas.

Purpose: Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors. Various pathways are involved in gliomagenesis, among which the Wingless (Wnt) signaling. Dickkopf protein-related protein 3 (Dkk-3) interacts with proteins of Wnt pathwayas inhibitor.

Effects of a new compound containing Palmitoylethanolamide and Baicalein in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.

Background: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the principal cause of death, happens after prolonged obstruction of the coronary arteries.  The first intervention to limit myocardial damage is directed to restoration of perfusion, to avoid inflammatory response and a significant oxidative stress triggered by infarction. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), is a well-known fatty acid amide-signaling molecule that possess an important anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

N-Palmitoylethanolamine-oxazoline (PEA-OXA): A new therapeutic strategy to reduce neuroinflammation, oxidative stress associated to vascular dementia in an experimental model of repeated bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion.

Aim: Recent studies revealed that pharmacological modulation of NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) can be achieved with PEA oxazoline (PEA-OXA). Hence, the aim of the present work was to thoroughly evaluate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of PEA-OXA in an experimental model of vascular dementia (VaD) induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion. At 24 h after VaD induction, animals were orally administered with 10 mg/kg of PEA-OXA daily for 15 days.

Multidisciplinary approach to prostatitis.

The modern clinical research on prostatitis started with the work of Stamey and coworkers who developed the basic principles we are still using. They established the segmented culture technique for localizing the infections in the males to the urethra, the bladder, or the prostate and to differentiate the main categories of prostatitis. Such categories with slight modifications are still used according to the NIH classification: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS) and asymptomatic prostatitis.

The association of adelmidrol with sodium hyaluronate displays beneficial properties against bladder changes following spinal cord injury in mice.

The disruption of coordinated control between the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to several secondary pathological conditions, including lower urinary tract dysfunction. In fact, urinary tract dysfunction associated with SCI is urinary dysfunction could be a consequence of a lack of neuroregeneration of supraspinal pathways that control bladder function. The object of the current research was to explore the effects of adelmidrol + sodium hyaluronate, on bladder damage generated after SCI in mice.

Neutrophil elastase plays a non-redundant role in remodeling the venular basement membrane and neutrophil diapedesis post-ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe inflammatory insult associated with numerous pathologies, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and acute kidney injury. I/R injury is characterized by a rapid influx of activated neutrophils secreting toxic free radical species and degrading enzymes that can irreversibly damage the tissue, thus impairing organ functions. Significant efforts have been invested in identifying therapeutic targets to suppress neutrophil recruitment and activation post-I/R injury.