Eulerian vs Lagrangian Irreversibility in an Experimental Turbulent Swirling Flow.

In a turbulent fluid, the time-reversal symmetry is explicitly broken by viscosity, and spontaneously broken in the inviscid limit. Recently, Drivas [J. Nonlinear Sci.

Negative Relationship between Post-Treatment Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Dense Dose-Intense NeoAdjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a poor prognosis unless a pathological complete response (pCR) is achieved after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Few studies have analyzed changes in TIL levels following dose-dense dose-intense (dd-di) NAC. Patients and methods: From 2009 to 2018, 117 patients with TNBC received dd-di NAC at our institution.

Ten-Year Outcomes of Hypofractionated Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy of 26 Gy in 6 Fractions.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and long-term side effects of hypofractionated postmastectomy radiation therapy (HFRT-PM) of 26 Gy in 6 fractions over 5 weeks.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively reviewed characteristics and outcomes of patients with stage I to III breast cancer treated with HFRT-PM between 2000 and 2009. Treatment provided 4 fractions of 4 Gy (days 1, 3, 15, 17) and then 2 fractions of 5 Gy (days 29 and 31) over 5 weeks.

Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in Elderly Women.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and postoperative toxicities after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in elderly women.

Population: Women older than 65 years, with infiltrating ductal breast cancer ≤3 cm, expressing estrogen receptor (ER+) without Her2 overexpression, and with negative axillary nodes.

Treatment: Treatment consisted of partial mastectomy with a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedure; in case of positive SLNB, IORT was cancelled.

Nonpalpable breast lesions: impact of a second-opinion review at a breast unit on BI-RADS classification.

Objective: To compare BI-RADS classification, management, and outcome of nonpalpable breast lesions assessed both by community practices and by a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB) at a breast unit.

Methods: All nonpalpable lesions that were first assigned a BI-RADS score by community practices and then reassessed by an MTB at a single breast unit from 2009 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Inter-review agreement was assessed with Cohen's kappa statistic.

Prognostic Impact of Stromal Immune Infiltration before and after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) in Triple Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancers (TNIBC) Treated with Dose-Dense Dose-Intense NAC.

Inflammatory breast cancers are very aggressive, and among them, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis. While many studies have investigated the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and outcome in TNBC, the impact of post-NAC TIL and TIL variation in triple negative inflammatory breast cancer (TNIBC) outcome is unknown. Between January 2010 to December 2018, all patients with TNIBC seen at the breast disease unit (Saint-Louis Hospital) were treated with dose-dense dose-intense NAC.

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: A French National Survey. Analysis of 2125 Patients.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) represents 15% of all breast cancers in France. The first national survey was conducted in 2003. The present multi-center real-life practice survey aimed at assessing possible changes in demographic, clinical, pathologic, and treatment features.

Attached flow structure and streamwise energy spectra in a turbulent boundary layer.

On the basis of (i) particle image velocimetry data of a turbulent boundary layer with large field of view and good spatial resolution and (ii) a mathematical relation between the energy spectrum and specifically modeled flow structures, we show that the scalings of the streamwise energy spectrum E_{11}(k_{x}) in a wave-number range directly affected by the wall are determined by wall-attached eddies but are not given by the Townsend-Perry attached eddy model's prediction of these spectra, at least at the Reynolds numbers Re_{τ} considered here which are between 10^{3} and 10^{4}. Instead, we find E_{11}(k_{x})∼k_{x}^{-1-p} where p varies smoothly with distance to the wall from negative values in the buffer layer to positive values in the inertial layer. The exponent p characterizes the turbulence levels inside wall-attached streaky structures conditional on the length of these structures.

Anti-Müllerian hormone in breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy: a retrospective evaluation of subsequent pregnancies.

Few studies have reported reproductive outcomes after breast cancer chemotherapy. The relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations and the occurrence of subsequent pregnancies in women after chemotherapy for breast cancer was investigated. Women aged 18-43 years treated with chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer between May 2005 and January 2011 were retrospectively identified.

¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for the Early Evaluation of Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Influence of the Chemotherapy Regimen.

Unlabelled: Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor outcome when pathologic complete response (pCR) is not reached after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Early prediction would be helpful. We evaluated the association between metabolic response after 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pCR, and outcome in patients receiving 2 different anthracycline-based regimens (conventional and intensified).

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated by mastectomy, or local excision with or without radiotherapy: A monocentric, retrospective study of 608 women.

Objectives: Since mammographic screening programmes, the proportion of DCIS has dramatically increased. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after local excision (LE) has become a solid option for DCIS since 4 randomised trials have proven a decrease in local relapse (LR), though failing to prove a benefit on mortality rate. DCIS is a heterogeneous disease and it is unclear whether all patients uniformly benefit from radiotherapy.

[New targeted therapies in breast cancer].

Trastuzumab improves care of patients with HER2+ breast cancer and allows a major gain in terms of survival. T-DM1 and pertuzumab are two new treatments, which give very encouraging results in metastatic breast cancer. Their place in neo-adjuvant and adjuvant setting still remains to be defined.

Ovarian reserve in breast cancer: assessment with anti-Müllerian hormone.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels fall during chemotherapy. Treatment-induced amenorrhoea is a reversible phenomenon, but few data are available on long-term AMH changes in breast cancer. The aim of the study was to describe serum AMH levels before, during and in the long term after chemotherapy, and to show a potential AMH recovery.

Contraception after breast cancer: a retrospective review of the practice among French gynecologists in the 2000's.

Purpose Of Investigation: To describe the French practices regarding contraception after breast cancer in the 2000's.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2,500 forms were sent to gynecologists practicing in France. Inclusion criteria were premenopausal patients who had a history of breast cancer and who had been prescribed contraception after diagnosis.

Long-term survival of advanced triple-negative breast cancers with a dose-intense cyclophosphamide/anthracycline neoadjuvant regimen.

Background: Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers exhibit major initial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but generally have a poor outcome. Because of the lack of validated drug targets, chemotherapy remains an important therapeutic tool in these cancers.

Methods: We report the survival of two consecutive series of 267 locally advanced breast cancers (LABC) treated with two different neoadjuvant regimens, either a dose-dense and dose-intense cyclophosphamide-anthracycline (AC) association (historically called SIM) or a conventional sequential association of cyclophosphamide and anthracycline, followed by taxanes (EC-T).

Correlation between MRI and biopsies under second look ultrasound.

The term "second look" lesions in MRI refers to lesions detected by MRI that were not initially seen on mammography or ultrasound. The objectives of our study were to analyse the displacement of targets between MRI and ultrasound; to define discriminating BIRADS morphological criteria to predict benign or malignant character and better establish the indications of second look ultrasound and biopsy; and to analyse the agreement between ultrasound and MRI in terms of morphological criteria. A retrospective and monocentric review was performed of the records of consecutive patients with breast abnormalities (mass or non-mass) initially detected by MRI that were not initially seen on mammography or ultrasound.

HER2-overexpressing breast cancer: FDG uptake after two cycles of chemotherapy predicts the outcome of neoadjuvant treatment.

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is associated with improved survival of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. We investigated the ability of interim positron emission tomography (PET) regarding early prediction of pathology outcomes.

Methods: During 61 months, consecutive patients with locally advanced or large HER2+ breast cancer patients without distant metastases were included.

Molecular apocrine breast cancers are aggressive estrogen receptor negative tumors overexpressing either HER2 or GCDFP15.

Introduction: Molecular apocrine (MA) tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancers characterized by androgen receptor (AR) expression. We analyzed a group of 58 transcriptionally defined MA tumors and proposed a new tool to identify these tumors.

Methods: We performed quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for ESR1, AR, FOXA1 and AR-related genes, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ER, PR, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), CK5/6, CK17, EGFR, Ki67, AR, FOXA1 and GCDFP15 and we analyzed clinical features.

Estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast tumors: early prediction of chemosensitivity with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography during neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the ability of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict chemosensitivity in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer.

Methods: Sixty-four consecutive patients underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT scanning at baseline and after the second course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The evolution (Δ) between the 2 scans of image parameters (maximum standardized uptake value [SUV(max)], SUV(mean), metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis [TLG]) was measured.

18F-FDG PET/CT in staging patients with locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer: comparison to conventional staging.

Unlabelled: The prognosis of patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) remains poor. We prospectively investigated the impact of (18)F-FDG PET/CT at initial staging in this clinical setting and compared PET/CT performance with that of conventional distant work-up.

Methods: During 60 mo, consecutive patients with LABC (clinical T4 or N2-N3 disease) underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

BI-RADS categorisation of 2,708 consecutive nonpalpable breast lesions in patients referred to a dedicated breast care unit.

Objectives: To determine the malignancy rate of nonpalpable breast lesions, categorised according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification in the setting of a Breast Care Unit.

Methods: All nonpalpable breast lesions from consecutive patients referred to a dedicated Breast Care Unit were prospectively reviewed and classified into 5 BI-RADS assessment categories (0, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

Results: A total of 2708 lesions were diagnosed by mammography (71.

Correlation of high 18F-FDG uptake to clinical, pathological and biological prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the main clinicopathological and biological prognostic factors of breast cancer on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Only women with tumours larger than 20 mm (T2-T4) were included in order to minimize bias of partial volume effect.

Methods: In this prospective study, 132 consecutive women received FDG PET/CT imaging before starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

[PET/CT in breast cancer: an update].

The authors discuss the various roles of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the management of breast cancer. Roles of new tracers such as F-18 fluoro-L-thymidine (a marker of cell proliferation), 18-fluoro-17-B-estradiol (marker of estrogen receptor) and sodium fluoride (marker of bone matrix) are also mentioned. There is little justification for the use of FDG-PET/CT in patient with clinically T1 (< or = 2 cm) N0 tumours.

[Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer].

As compared to conventional axillary dissection, the sentinel node technique is accompanied by reduced morbidity and shorter hospital stay. Based on available data, the use of this technique does not seem to yield higher rates of axillary recurrence. A combination of both radioisotope detection and blue dye increases the identification rate, while also reducing false-negative rate.