Diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma: value of random transrectal sonographically guided biopsies.

Objective: We studied the efficacy of random, transrectal sonographically guided biopsies in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma in a high-risk population.

Subjects And Methods: During a 2-year period, 570 transrectal sonographically guided prostatic biopsies were done because of clinical findings suggestive of prostatic carcinoma. Biopsies of hypoechoic lesions that were suggestive of carcinoma and segmental random biopsies of normal-appearing lobes of the prostate were performed.

Post-ligation dilatation of the fallopian tube.

Rationale And Objectives: Dilatation of fallopian tube remnants after ligation has been described but never systematically studied in post-ligation hysterosalpingograms (HSGs). This study describes the frequency and appearance of proximal tubal remnant dilatation as seen on HSGs in women with a history of bilateral tubal ligation (BTL).

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records and a subjective and objective evaluation of dilatation seen on HSGs included 68 consecutive women seen for pre-reanastomosis HSG.

Acute pyelonephritis after transrectal ultrasonographically guided biopsy of the prostate: diagnosis by computed tomography.

Acute pyelonephritis developed in a 67-yr-old man after transrectal ultrasonographically guided biopsy of the prostate. The clinical presentation and results of excretory urography were nondiagnostic. Diagnosis was made by computed tomography, which was delayed 12 h after i.

Streptococcal antigen-induced dislocation and dysplasia of the hip in newborn rats. Radiologic and histologic evaluation of a model of congenital dislocation of the hip.

Dislocation of the hip developed in 62% of newborn rats with streptococcal antigen-induced synovitis. Age at the time of the induction of synovitis is critical since dislocation is not observed in older rats. Synovitis with distention and laxity of the joint capsule is most likely responsible for the hip dislocation.

Microradiographic demonstration of human intrarenal microlymphatic pathways.

Renal lymphatics play a prominent role in physiological and pathologic states. However, intrarenal microlymphatic morphology has not been well established in humans. We have developed microangiographic techniques for studying microlymphatic morphology.

Computerized data base of teaching conference cases.

Conferences consisting of case presentation with discussion are a major tool in radiology resident teaching. We used a computerized data base to study the case mix at our teaching conference. At daily conferences from July 1984 to March 1985 each case was recorded as to patient name, identification number, date, type of conference, case presented, modality used, organ study, and diagnosis.

Needle localization biopsy of occult lesions of the breast. Experience in 199 cases.

From January 1980 through June 1986, 199 percutaneous needle localizations for clinically occult breast lesions were performed at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the medical records, mammograms, operative notes, and pathology reports was undertaken to evaluate the success of this procedure. In our series, biopsy was prompted by abnormal calcifications in 27.

Urothelial microvascular response to chronic renal inflammatory disease.

Renal pelvocaliceal mucosal opacification has been observed clinically in patients with inflammatory disease. We studied the microvascular changes that might be responsible for this finding using barium injection and microradiographic studies of 20 human kidneys excised due to infection. There were six patients with staghorn calculi and chronic pyelonephritis, four with pyohydronephrosis, eight with acute and chronic pyelonephritis, and two with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Resident performance evaluation.

The authors have developed a resident evaluation system that minimizes inefficiencies and achieves the aims of evaluation. Individual resident performance is evaluated on each monthly rotation by those who have had significant contact with him as determined by the resident. Residents are rated as "below," "adequate," or "above" for these performance categories: (1) overall performance, (2) basic knowledge, (3) organizational skills, (4) communication skills, (5) interpersonal relationships, and (6) other areas and comments.

The evaluation of gross hematuria in anticoagulated patients: efficacy of i.v. urography and cystoscopy.

To determine the efficacy of investigating gross hematuria in anticoagulated patients, records were reviewed of 24 patients who had gross hematuria while being treated with warfarin for various thromboembolic disorders. All had IV urography, and half had cystoscopy. Sources of bleeding were found in seven (29%) of 24 patients by IV urography and in five (42%) of 12 patients by cystoscopy.

Molding of the uterus following intrauterine contraceptive device removal: documentation by hysterosalpingography.

Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) distort the uterine cavity. We report 2 cases of endometrial molding demonstrated by hysterosalpingography (HSG) following removal of an IUD. Other processes may cause filling defects in the uterine cavity including inflammatory synechiae (Asherman's syndrome), tuberculosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and polyps.

Screen-film mammography versus xeromammography in the detection of breast cancer.

There are two common methods of obtaining high-quality screening mammography: screen-film mammography (more simply, mammography) using a dedicated unit, and xeromammography. We studied the accuracy of the two techniques in detecting breast cancer by a retrospective study, analysing accuracy of interpretation in cases where both mammography and xeromammography were performed. Seventy-six patients were considered with 86 biopsies and mammograms resulting in detection of 32 cancers and 54 benign lesions.

A uniform acceptance date for resident recruitment.

Residency recruitment in diagnostic radiology remains a challenge. We recommend a unified policy of recruitment, to be agreed upon and adhered to by all residency training program directors. We endorse the action discussed at the 1985 Residency Training Program Symposium in Nashville to institute a Resident Match and strongly urge all program directors to participate.

Bladder mucosal tears during voiding cystourethrography in chronic renal failure.

We report 6 patients with chronic renal failure who developed contrast intravasation/extravasation during voiding cystourethrography. Two patients underwent cystoscopy and were noted to have diffuse mucosal tears, but had normal-appearing bladder mucosa on follow-up inspection. None of the patients experienced symptoms or clinical sequelae.

Renal medullary lymphatics: microradiographic, light, and electron microscopic studies in pigs.

Although renal cortical lymphatics have been extensively studied, the existence of renal medullary lymphatics has not been well documented. We studied renal microlymphatics in pig kidneys by retrograde ureteral injection of barium-sulfate-gelatin-saline mixture. Lymphatics filled as a result of forniceal rupture and interstitial extravasation.

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa: radiologic and clinical correlates.

Salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN) is thought to be an inflammatory condition of the fallopian tubes and is strongly associated with infertility and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis is best made radiographically at hysterosalpingography (HSG), where the characteristic finding consists of multiple nodular diverticular spaces in close approximation to the true tubal lumen. We reviewed 1,194 HSGs performed over a five year period and identified 45 patients who had SIN (4%).

Bladder base impressions in women: "female prostate".

Bladder base impressions due to prostate hypertrophy are a common urographic finding in older males. A similar appearance may be occasionally seen in females and presents a more difficult diagnostic problem. Sixteen such cases of bladder base defects in females at two institutions were identified.

Experimental renal papillary necrosis in rats: microangiographic and tubular micropuncture injection studies.

Proposed causes of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) include tubular toxicity due to hyperconcentration of toxins in the renal medulla and vasoconstriction of medullary vessels with ischemic necrosis. The authors studied these mechanisms in bromoethylamine hydrobromide-induced RPN in rats by microvascular and tubular micropuncture injection studies. During early stages of RPN, microvascular studies revealed reduced perfusion of vasa recta, and tubular injection studies showed unobstructed tubules and collecting ducts.

Pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow during retrograde pyelography in renal vein thrombosis.

Pyelovenous and pyelolymphatic backflow have been observed during retrograde pyelography in three patients with renal vein thrombosis. The radiographic patterns of backflow following experimental unilateral renal vein occlusion in rabbits were analyzed and correlated with the clinical findings. Capsular, perihilar, periureteric, and retroperitoneal collateral vein networks and lymphatic channels were demonstrated on the venous occluded side.