Dublin down on detection: Understanding Salmonella Dublin in British Columbia through bulk tank milk surveillance.

Increased cases of Salmonella Dublin, a bacterial pathogen that primarily affects dairy cattle, have been noted in British Columbia (BC), Canada since 2015. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to 1) understand the prevalence and distribution of S. Dublin in BC dairy farms based on bulk tank milk (BTM) serology, 2) to investigate the degree of variability within percent positivity (%PP) in negative and positive farms, and 3) investigate risk factors associated with positivity.

Complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium wuenschmannii a nontuberculous mycobacterium isolated from a captive population of Amazon milk frogs.

A slow growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) was isolated from the liver of an Amazon milk frog. The complete genome of this isolate comprises 5,102,433 bp, exhibiting 66.86% GC content, 4,940 protein-coding sequences, 52 predicted RNA genes, and 39 repeat regions.

Use of a Tri-Axial Accelerometer Can Reliably Detect Play Behaviour in Newborn Calves.

Traditionally, the welfare assessment of farm animals has focused on health and production outcomes. Positive welfare is, however, not merely the absence of negative welfare and is an important part of a life worth living. Play behaviour is widely considered to be an indicator of positive emotions because it is a "luxury" behaviour.

Substrate specificities and activities of AZAP family Arf GAPs in vivo.

The ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPases are important regulators of vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. Like other GTPases, the Arfs require guanine nucleotide exchange factors to facilitate GTP loading and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) to promote GTP hydrolysis. Whereas there are only six mammalian Arfs, the human genome encodes over 20 proteins containing Arf GAP domains.

ARAP2 effects on the actin cytoskeleton are dependent on Arf6-specific GTPase-activating-protein activity and binding to RhoA-GTP.

ARAP2 is a protein that contains both ArfGAP and RhoGAP domains. We found that it is a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate-dependent Arf6 GAP that binds RhoA-GTP but lacks RhoGAP activity. In agreement with the hypothesis that ARAP2 mediates effects of RhoA, endogenous ARAP2 associated with focal adhesions (FAs) and reduction of ARAP2 expression, by RNAi, resulted in fewer FAs and actin stress fibers (SFs).