Efficacy of intrauterine device procedural analgesics.

Nearly half of all pregnancies worldwide are unintended. Intrauterine devices are an effective, long-acting form of pregnancy prevention that require minimal maintenance, and also can be used in patients with menorrhagia. However, they are underused because of pain associated with their insertion.

Clinical Preceptor Development and the Benefit of Structured Teaching Techniques: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Physician assistant (PA) education in the clinical year is dependent on clinical preceptors. Recruitment of preceptors has been identified as a significant barrier for programs. As a result of the preceptor shortage, evaluation of the barriers to recruitment and retention has been considered.

Comparison of the Scope of Practice of the Army Combat Medic Specialist and Civilian National EMS Certification Levels.

Introduction: The transition of Army Combat Medic Specialists (Military Occupational Specialty Code: 68W) from military to civilian emergency medical services (EMS) is challenging, and the pathway is not clearly defined. Our objective was to evaluate the current military requirements for 68W and how they compare to the 2019 EMS National Scope of Practice Model (SoPM) for the civilian emergency medical technician (EMT) and advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluation of the 68W skill floor as defined by the Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide Healthcare Specialist and Medical Education and Demonstration of Individual Competence in comparison to the 2019 SoPM, which categorizes EMS tasks into seven skill categories.

The Occupational Military Neuromusculoskeletal Injury Matrix.

Introduction: Neuromusculoskeletal injuries (NMSKIs) are the primary cause of ambulatory visits, lost duty days, and disability discharges in the U.S. Military.

Augmented reality visualization tool for the future of tactical combat casualty care.

The objective of this project was to identify and develop software for an augmented reality application that runs on the US Army Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) to support a medical caregiver during tactical combat casualty care scenarios. In this augmented reality tactical combat casualty care application, human anatomy of individual soldiers obtained predeployment is superimposed on the view of an injured war fighter through the IVAS. This offers insight into the anatomy of the injured war fighter to advance treatment in austere environments.

A Qualitative Study Exploring Yoga in Veterans with PTSD Symptoms.

Quantitative studies of yoga have reported reduced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in veterans, but little is known about how and why veterans are attracted to and stick with a yoga practice. Guided by the Health Belief Model, this study examined veterans' perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and motivations to continue practicing trauma-sensitive yoga. Interviews were conducted with nine individuals, five of whom completed a 6-week trauma-sensitive yoga intervention designed for veterans and four who did not complete the intervention.

Military-Tailored Yoga for Veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

Introduction: Among veterans of post-9/11 conflicts, estimates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) range from 9% shortly after returning from deployment to 31% a year after deployment. Clinical and pharmaceutically based treatments are underutilized. This could be due to concerns related to lost duty days, as well as PTSD patients' fears of stigma of having a mental health condition.

Mind-Body Therapy for Military Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Objective: About one-third of service members returning from post-9/11 deployment in Afghanistan and Iraq report combat-related mental health conditions, but many do not seek conventional treatment. Mind-body therapies have been offered as alternative approaches to decreasing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but no review of studies with veterans of post-9/11 operations was found. The objective of this study was to fill that gap.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α promotes primary tumor growth and tumor-initiating cell activity in breast cancer.

Introduction: Overexpression of the oxygen-responsive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The mouse mammary tumor virus polyoma virus middle T (MMTV-PyMT) mouse is a widely utilized preclinical mouse model that resembles human luminal breast cancer and is highly metastatic. Prior studies in which the PyMT model was used demonstrated that HIF-1α is essential to promoting carcinoma onset and lung metastasis, although no differences in primary tumor end point size were observed.

Impact of phlebotomine sand flies on United State military operations at Tallil Air Base, Iraq: 6. Evaluation of insecticides for the control of sand flies.

We conducted a series of field experiments in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of insecticides and insecticide application technologies for the control of phlebotomine sand flies at Tallil Airbase, Iraq. During the experiments, 53,263 sand flies were collected. The experiments evaluated the following: (1) routine sand fly control operations using a variety of residual and area-wide insecticides; (2) a combination of five different insecticide application methods in and around tents; (3) residual application of lambda-cyhalothrin and ultra-low volume application of pyrethrins in houses; (4) carbaryl and lambda-cyhalothrin applied as barrier sprays; (5) a deltamethrin-impregnated fence; (6) lambda-cyhalothrin applied as a residual spray in concrete manholes; (7) deltamethrin-treated flooring in tents; and 8) ultra-low volume-applied malathion.

Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity.

As childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions, it is critical to devise interventions that target the root causes of obesity and its risk factors. The two main components of childhood obesity are physical inactivity and improper nutrition, and it is becoming increasingly evident that the built environment can determine the level of exposure to these risk factors. Through a multidisciplinary literature review, we investigated the association between various built environment attributes and childhood obesity.

Open-identity donor insemination in the United States: is it on the rise?

Information about US donor insemination programs was reviewed to determine whether an increasing number are offering open-identity donation. Results indicate that indeed, numbers are rising and that the ratio of open-identity to anonymous sperm donors in a program increases the longer that the program has offered an open-identity option.

Determinants of surgical site infection after breast biopsy.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) following clean and clean-contaminated ambulatory surgery at Bon Secours Cottage Health Services are monitored utilizing a postdischarge surveillance form in addition to traditional surveillance. From January 2000 to December 2002, the clean procedure SSI rate was 0.73% (31/4266) versus 1.

A novel behavioral paradigm for assessing tinnitus using schedule-induced polydipsia avoidance conditioning (SIP-AC).

A behavioral technique was developed that allowed the onset and recovery of tinnitus to be measured in individual rats treated with different doses of salicylate. Food-restricted rats were self-trained to lick for water during the time between scheduled delivery of food pellets, i.e.

Relations of perceived ethnic disparity to involvement in ethnic and host cultures.

Among 124 single foreign students residing in the USA, this study examined the relations between perceived ethnic disparity, consisting of physical, cultural. and linguistic dimensions, and ethnic and host culture involvement. The Ethnic Disparity Perception Inventory, a 44-item Likert scale devised to measure perceived ethnic disparity, showed perceived physical disparity (r = .

Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection in a patient with penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection is a fulminant process that carries a poor prognosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most likely organism to cause disease. Infection with penicillin-resistant S pneumoniae is increasing; its prevalence ranges from 6.

Synovial fluid levels of fluconazole in a patient with Candida parapsilosis prosthetic joint infection who had an excellent clinical response.

A 73-year-old woman presenting with persistent swelling of the right knee 30 months after total joint arthroplasty was found to have a Candida parapsilosis infection. Treatment with fluconazole resulted in full recovery.

Cerebellar disorganization characteristic of reeler in scrambler mutant mice despite presence of reelin.

Analysis of the molecular basis of neuronal migration in the mammalian CNS relies critically on the discovery and identification of genetic mutations that affect this process. Here, we report the detailed cerebellar phenotype caused by a new autosomal recessive neurological mouse mutation, scrambler (gene symbol scm). The scrambler mutation results in ataxic mice that exhibit several neuroanatomic defects reminiscent of reeler.

Assessment of antimicrobial penetrance into the pancreatic juice in humans.

The penetrance of mezlocillin, metronidazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole into the pancreatic juice of humans was measured in ten patients convalescing from acute pancreatitis at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Therapeutic levels were obtained in the serum for all three antimicrobial agents; simultaneously aspirated nonbile stained pancreatic juice contained therapeutic levels of metronidazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Mezlocillin was not present in a therapeutic level in any patient with nonbile stained pancreatic fluid.

Assessment of pancreatic ductal penetration of antibiotics.

Pancreatic ductal penetration of antibiotics is not uniform. Antibiotic therapy for pancreatic and pancreatic related infections, theoretically, is enhanced by drugs that reach the ductal system. The pancreatic ductal penetrance of Cefamandol (1 gm), Amikacin (7.

Vidarabine encephalopathy.

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside, ara-a) has been found to be useful in the treatment of various viral infections. Its adverse neurological effects include tremor and encephalopathy. Two cases of vidarabine encephalopathy are reported and the five other cases in the literature are reviewed.

Possible pseudoresistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin G in a patient with a mixed pneumococcus-Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia.

We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with a mixed pneumococcus-staphylococcus pneumonia, in which both organisms were recovered from both sputum and blood. Streptococcus pneumoniae persisted in sputum 48 hours after initiation of high-dose intravenous penicillin G. When nafcillin was substituted for penicillin G, both pneumococci and staphylococci were eradicated from blood and sputum.