Flexible neural control of transition points within the egg-laying behavioral sequence in Drosophila.

Innate behaviors are frequently comprised of ordered sequences of component actions that progress to satisfy essential drives. Progression is governed by specialized sensory cues that induce transitions between components within the appropriate context. Here we have characterized the structure of the egg-laying behavioral sequence in Drosophila and found significant variability in the transitions between component actions that affords the organism an adaptive flexibility.

A short guide to insect oviposition: when, where and how to lay an egg.

Egg-laying behavior is one of the most important aspects of female behavior, and has a profound impact on the fitness of a species. As such, it is controlled by several layers of regulation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of insect neural circuits that control when, where and how to lay an egg.

Cutaneous Arteriolosclerosis Is Not Specific to Ischemic Hypertensive Leg Ulcers.

Background: The histological characteristic of hypertensive leg ulcers (HLU) is the presence of "arteriolosclerosis." The pertinence of performing a skin biopsy to diagnose HLU is questionable, as cutaneous arteriolosclerosis may be related to patient comorbidities. The objective here was to evaluate the frequency of arteriolosclerosis in skin leg biopsies performed in patients without ulcer and in control patients with HLU.

DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning.

Quantifying behavior is crucial for many applications in neuroscience. Videography provides easy methods for the observation and recording of animal behavior in diverse settings, yet extracting particular aspects of a behavior for further analysis can be highly time consuming. In motor control studies, humans or other animals are often marked with reflective markers to assist with computer-based tracking, but markers are intrusive, and the number and location of the markers must be determined a priori.

Idiopathic linear IgA bullous dermatosis: prognostic factors based on a case series of 72 adults.

Background: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a clinically and immunologically heterogeneous, subepidermal, autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD), for which the long-term evolution is poorly described.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical and immunological characteristics, follow-up and prognostic factors of adult idiopathic LABD.

Methods: This retrospective study, conducted in our AIBD referral centre, included adults, diagnosed between 1995 and 2012, with idiopathic LABD, defined as pure or predominant IgA deposits by direct immunofluorescence.

[Bullous rash around a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site].

Background: Cutaneous eruption around a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter exit site is a rare complication. Herein we report a case of bullous eruption; we discuss the diagnostic approach and the related therapeutic implications.

Patients And Methods: A 63-year-old man presented a bullous periumbilical eruption two months after initiation of PD.

Association of both Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Erdheim-Chester disease linked to the BRAFV600E mutation.

Histiocytoses are a group of heterogeneous diseases that mostly comprise Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-LCH. The association of LCH with non-LCH is exceptional. We report 23 patients with biopsy-proven LCH associated with Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) (mixed histiocytosis) and discuss the significance of this association.

Mutations that alter use of hepatitis C virus cell entry factors mediate escape from neutralizing antibodies.

Background & Aims: The development of vaccines and other strategies to prevent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is limited by rapid viral evasion. HCV entry is the first step of infection; this process involves several viral and host factors and is targeted by host-neutralizing responses. Although the roles of host factors in HCV entry have been well characterized, their involvement in evasion of immune responses is poorly understood.

Robust odor coding via inhalation-coupled transient activity in the mammalian olfactory bulb.

It has been proposed that a single sniff generates a "snapshot" of the olfactory world. However, odor coding on this timescale is poorly understood, and it is not known whether coding is invariant to changes in respiration frequency. We investigated this by recording spike trains from the olfactory bulb in awake, behaving rats.

Bipolar hypertrophic herpes: an unusual presentation of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex type 2 in a HIV-infected patient.

Hypertrophic pseudo tumoral herpetic lesion is an uncommon presentation in immunocompromized hosts that can be refractory to established therapies. We describe bipolar anal and tonsilar herpetic tumoral lesions related to acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. Treatment with valacyclovir, cidofovir, and thalidomide failed and surgical excision was required.