Resolution of Canine Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy and Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Following Four Plasmapheresis Treatments.

An 8 mo old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented for pale mucous membranes. The dog was diagnosed with intravascular immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and was started on medical management including corticosteroids, thromboprophylaxis, a packed red blood cell transfusion, and IV immunoglobulin. The dog developed severe hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin 48.

Abdominal ultrasound has inconsistent agreement with subsequent surgery or necropsy findings in dogs and cats with septic peritonitis.

Objective: To evaluate whether abdominal ultrasound correctly diagnosed septic peritonitis and correctly identified its causative lesion in dogs and cats.

Animals: 84 client-owned dogs and 10 cats that underwent an abdominal ultrasound and had confirmation of septic peritonitis via exploratory laparotomy or necropsy.

Methods: This retrospective case series documented abdominal ultrasound findings, surgical or necropsy findings, and method for initial diagnosis of septic peritonitis, if different from surgery or necropsy.

Dopamine D₄ Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Cocaine Use Disorders.

The identification of effective medications for the management of cocaine use disorders remains an unmet public health challenge. In view of the prominent role of dopaminergic mechanisms in cocaine's abuse-related effects, research has focused on the development of subtype-selective dopamine D1-4 receptor antagonists. Here, we briefly recap the current status of this research effort, with a focus on several aspects of D4 research that may be pertinent to the consideration of D4 ligands in the development of candidate medications.

Understanding the pathophysiology of itch.

Itch is the most common symptom described by our patients. Treating this symptom can be challenging. A revolution is ongoing in understanding the pathophysiology of itch and will allow this challenge to be met.