Enhancing Gene Synthesis Security: An Updated Framework for Synthetic Nucleic Acid Screening and the Responsible Use of Synthetic Biological Materials.

Introduction: In response to continuous advancements in synthetic biotechnologies and in the availability of synthetic nucleic acids to the biological research community since the publication of the 2010 HHS synthetic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) screening framework, the U.S. government undertook a comprehensive and stakeholder-driven review and revision process.