Collagen I:III ratio in canine heterologous bladder acellular matrix grafts.

The objective of this study was to investigate the limitations of a heterologous bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) and the influence of the collagen ratio on functional regeneration in a large animal model. Ten female dogs underwent partial cystectomy; eight received BAMG (two homologous; six heterologous) and two partial cystectomy only. A cystometry was performed prior to surgery and 7 months postoperatively when all animals underwent sacral root stimulation.

Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on regeneration of bladder acellular matrix graft: histologic and functional evaluation.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on regeneration of the bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG).

Methods: A total of 40 female rats were divided into two groups. In the experimental group (VEGF+), the BAMG was incubated in VEGF and VEGF was injected into the host bladder.

Physiologic bladder evacuation with selective sacral root stimulation: sinusoidal signal and organ-specific frequency.

In patients with spinal cord injury above S2, who characteristically have both detrusor hyperflexia and sphincteric spasm, sacral anterior root stimulation can evacuate the bladder, but sacral deafferentation is needed to eliminate the hyperreflexia for normal bladder filling. The common stimulation parameters for these patients activate the detrusor and the external urethral sphincter simultaneously (detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia), and the resultant post-stimulus voiding is not physiologic. We sought to determine organ-specific stimulation parameters.