Growing up with juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus: the experiences and care needs of adult women with lichen sclerosus since childhood - a qualitative exploration.

Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic remitting condition that affects the genital skin of females of all ages. Although qualitative studies have been conducted that have focused on women with VLS in mid-life or beyond, less is known about the experiences of individuals with VLS from childhood or adolescence onward.

Objectives: To gain an understanding of the experiences of women with a history of juvenile VLS (JVLS) with regard to the impact of the disease on their personal lives, and their experiences and needs regarding care and guidance.

Outcome Measures in Adult Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Case Series of Women Diagnosed as Juveniles.

Objectives: Studies on the consequences of juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus (JVLS) in adulthood are limited. A number of measuring tools are available for analyzing adult vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS), but these have not been applied in studies on JVLS. The aim is to study physical findings, quality of life, sexual well-being, and self-image in adult women with a history of juvenile VLS.

Long-term consequences of juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus: A cohort study of adults with a histologically confirmed diagnosis in childhood or adolescence.

Introduction: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) occurs in at least one in 900 girls. There is limited knowledge as to what extent the disease persists in adulthood and what the repercussions in adulthood may be. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term consequences of VLS diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Cancer risk in children, adolescents, and young adults conceived by ART in 1983-2011.

Study Question: Do children, adolescents, and young adults born after ART, including IVF, ICSI and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), have an increased risk of cancer compared with children born to subfertile couples not conceived by ART and children from the general population?

Summary Answer: After a median follow-up of 18 years, the overall cancer risk was not increased in children conceived by ART, but a slight risk increase was observed in children conceived after ICSI.

What Is Known Already: There is growing evidence that ART procedures could perturb epigenetic processes during the pre-implantation period and influence long-term health. Recent studies showed (non-)significantly increased cancer risks after ICSI and FET, but not after IVF.

The effect of hormone therapy on breast density following risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer.

Objective: To compare the effect of tibolone to conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone-acetate (CEE + MPA) on breast density, as a predictor for breast cancer risk, in women with a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Methods: Women aged 30-50 (N = 114) who had undergone risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) were randomized to tibolone or CEE + MPA.

Results: Breast density decreased 46% after RRSO in untreated women, 39% after treatment with tibolone, and 17% after treatment with CEE + MPA; the decrease in breast density after CEE + MPA was significantly different compared with that of untreated women (P = 0.

Long-Term Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Borderline Tumors After Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Background: Long-term effects of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on ovarian tumor risk are unknown.

Methods: This nationwide cohort study comprises 30 625 women who received ovarian stimulation for ART in 1983-2000 and 9988 subfertile women not treated with ART. Incident invasive and borderline ovarian tumors were ascertained through linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Pathology Registry until July 2018.

The long-term clinical consequences of juvenile vulvar lichen sclerosus: A systematic review.

Background: Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) occurring in children and adolescents may have repercussions throughout life.

Objective: We sought to assess the evidence available on the long-term consequences of juvenile VLS.

Methods: Multiple databases were searched for studies containing long-term follow-up information on children or adolescents up to age 18 years with VLS.

Second Uterine Curettage and the Number of Chemotherapy Courses in Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the effect of second uterine curettage on the number of chemotherapy courses and relapse rate in low-risk postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Methods: In a phase III trial, patients with low risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were randomised (1:1) to a second curettage or no curettage group before methotrexate treatment. Eligibility criteria were serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level 5,000 international units/L or less and fit for treatment with methotrexate.

Risk of cancer in children and young adults conceived by assisted reproductive technology.

Study Question: Do children conceived by ART have an increased risk of cancer?

Summary Answer: Overall, ART-conceived children do not appear to have an increased risk of cancer.

What Is Known Already: Despite the increasing use of ART, i.e.

Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization and Long-term Risk of Breast Cancer.

Importance: Previous studies of breast cancer risk after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were inconclusive due to limited follow-up.

Objective: To assess long-term risk of breast cancer after ovarian stimulation for IVF.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Historical cohort (OMEGA study) with complete follow-up through December 2013 for 96% of the cohort.

Risk of Colorectal Cancer After Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization.

Background & Aims: Apart from lifestyle factors, sex hormones also seem to have a role in the etiology of colorectal cancer. This raises interest in the possible effects of fertility drugs, especially because the use of ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) has strongly increased over the past decades.

Methods: In 1996, a nationwide cohort study was set up to examine cancer risk in a population that included 19,158 women who received ovarian stimulation for IVF (IVF group) and 5950 women who underwent subfertility treatments other than IVF (non-IVF group).

IL6/JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Blockade in Endometrial Cancer Affects the ALDHhi/CD126+ Stem-like Component and Reduces Tumor Burden.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) may be critical to maintain the malignant behavior of solid and hematopoietic cancers. Recently, patients with endometrial cancer whose tumors expressed high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a detoxifying enzyme characteristic of many progenitor and stem cells, exhibited a relative reduction in survival compared with patients with low levels of ALDH. Given evidence of its role as a CSC marker, we hypothesized that high level of ALDH activity (ALDH(hi)) in a tumor might positively correlate with the presence of stem- and progenitor-like tumor cells in this disease setting.

A mouse model for endometrioid ovarian cancer arising from the distal oviduct.

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in Western countries. Early detection, however, is hampered by the fact that the origin of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Knowing that in a high percentage of endometrioid ovarian cancers Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated, and in view of the hypothesis that ovarian cancer may originate from the distal oviduct, we studied mice in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in Müllerian duct-derived tissues.

Pelvic floor dysfunction: women's sexual concerns unraveled.

Introduction: Sexual function of women suffering from pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and/or urinary incontinence (UI) is adversely affected. However, our current understanding of the exact relationship between female sexual dysfunction and POP and/or UI is incomplete. A qualitative study can improve our understanding by describing what women themselves perceive as the real problem.

Alterations in Wnt-β-catenin and Pten signalling play distinct roles in endometrial cancer initiation and progression.

Endometrioid endometrial cancer arises through a gradual series of histological changes, each accompanied by specific alterations in gene expression and activity. Activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway and loss of PTEN activity are frequently observed in endometrial cancers. However, the specific roles played by alterations in these pathways in the initiation and progression of endometrial cancer are currently unclear.

The risk of primary and contralateral breast cancer after ovarian cancer in BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers: Implications for counseling.

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of primary breast cancer (PBC) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) in patients who had BRCA1/BRCA2-associated epithelial ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: From the database of the Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic, patients who had BRCA-associated OC without a history of unilateral breast cancer (BC) (at risk of PBC; n = 79) or with a history of unilateral BC (at risk of CBC; n = 37) were selected. The control groups consisted of unaffected BRCA mutation carriers (n = 351) or mutation carriers who had a previous unilateral BC (n = 294), respectively.

Identification of quiescent, stem-like cells in the distal female reproductive tract.

In fertile women, the endometrium undergoes regular cycles of tissue build-up and regression. It is likely that uterine stem cells are involved in this remarkable turn over. The main goal of our current investigations was to identify slow-cycling (quiescent) endometrial stem cells by means of a pulse-chase approach to selectively earmark, prospectively isolate, and characterize label-retaining cells (LRCs).

Long-term survival data of triple modality treatment of stage IIB-III-IVA cervical cancer with the combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hyperthermia - an update.

Background: Advanced cervical cancer is routinely treated with radiotherapy and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. Hyperthermia has been shown to improve the results of both radiotherapy and cisplatin. The feasibility of the combination of all three modalities was demonstrated and reported in a study of 68 previously untreated cervical cancer patients in 2005.

Progesterone inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer.

Background: Every year approximately 74,000 women die of endometrial cancer, mainly due to recurrent or metastatic disease. The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as progesterone receptor (PR) positivity has been correlated with improved prognosis. This study describes two mechanisms by which progesterone inhibits metastatic spread of endometrial cancer: by stimulating T-cell infiltration and by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT).

Nomogram for suboptimal cytoreduction at primary surgery for advanced stage ovarian cancer.

Aim: Maximal cytoreduction to minimal residual tumor is the most important determinant of prognosis in patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Preoperative prediction of suboptimal cytoreduction, defined as residual tumor >1 cm, could guide treatment decisions and improve counseling. The objective of this study was to identify predictive computed tomographic (CT) scan and clinical parameters for suboptimal cytoreduction at primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage EOC and to generate a nomogram with the identified parameters, which would be easy to use in daily clinical practice.

AMG 479, a novel IGF-1-R antibody, inhibits endometrial cancer cell proliferation through disruption of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways.

Our goal was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a novel antibody to the insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1-R; AMG 479) in endometrial cancer cells. The endometrial cancer cell lines, ECC-1/PRAB72 and RL-95-2, were used. Treatment with AMG 479 (0.

Interaction between sex hormones and WNT/β-catenin signal transduction in endometrial physiology and disease.

Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays a rate-limiting role in early development of many different organs in a broad spectrum of organisms. In the developing Müllerian duct, Wnt/β-catenin signalling is important for initiation, outgrowth, patterning and differentiation into vagina, cervix, uterus and oviducts. In adult life, sex hormones modulate Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the endometrium to maintain the monthly balance between estrogen-induced proliferation and progesterone-induced differentiation, and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signalling seems to be involved in endometrial carcinogenesis.

Loss of APC function in mesenchymal cells surrounding the Müllerian duct leads to myometrial defects in adult mice.

The WNT signal transduction pathway plays a rate limiting role in early development of many different organs. To study the functional consequences of constitutive activation of the canonical WNT pathway in the developing uterus, we generated a novel mouse model where loss of the tumor suppressor gene Apc was induced. A mouse model was generated and evaluated where Amhr2(Cre/+) driven loss of Apc exon 15 was induced.