Self-reported longitudinal COVID-19 vaccination reactogenicity profiles in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Preventing severe COVID-19 associated outcomes continues to be a priority for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We previously reported in an interim analysis that short-term reactions to the first and second SARS-CoV-2 vaccines experienced by PwMS were mostly self-limiting and similar to reactions experienced by the general population.

Objectives: First, to report short-term reactogenicity experienced by PwMS in relation to the first through fourth SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Host dispersal relaxes selective pressures in rafting microbiomes and triggers successional changes.

What little we know about how microbiomes change over the course of host dispersal has been gleaned from simulations or snapshot sampling of microbiomes of hosts undertaking regular, cyclical migrations. These studies suggest that major changes in both microbiome richness and turnover occur in response to long-distance movements, but we do not yet know how rare or sporadic dispersal events for non-migratory organisms might affect the microbiomes of their hosts. Here we directly examine the microbiomes of rafting seaweed, leveraging host genomic analyses, amplicon sequencing, and oceanographic modelling to study the impacts of ecological dispersal of hosts on their microbiomes.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the antimicrobial stewardship workforce in Scottish acute care hospitals-a qualitative study.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes seek to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance by minimizing inappropriate antimicrobial use. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was characterized by initial widespread use of antimicrobials in patients with COVID-19, with potential negative effects on AMS efforts.

Objective: To explore the impact of the pandemic on the AMS workforce in Scottish acute care hospitals.

Theoretical models applied to understand infection prevention and control practices of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Background: Effective infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers are crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infections in healthcare settings.

Aim: To synthesise evidence on behaviour change theories, models, or frameworks applied to understand healthcare workers' IPC practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: PubMed, EBSCOhost interface, ProQuest interface, MEDLINE (Ovid), and grey literature were searched for primary studies published between December 2019 and May 2023.

The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms, and Management.

Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely, an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension risk. This paper summarizes a symposium entitled, "The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management" included at the 2023 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting, which presented a timely discussion about the clinical utility of EEBP.

Effects of exercise on autonomic cardiovascular control in individuals with chronic, motor-complete spinal cord injury: an exploratory randomised clinical trial.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of a clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of 6 months of arm cycle ergometry training (ACET), or body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), on autonomic cardiovascular responses to a laboratory sit-up test (SUT) in individuals with chronic (≥1-year post-injury) spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Tertiary Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada.

Asgard archaea defense systems and their roles in the origin of eukaryotic immunity.

Dozens of new antiviral systems have been recently characterized in bacteria. Some of these systems are present in eukaryotes and appear to have originated in prokaryotes, but little is known about these defense mechanisms in archaea. Here, we explore the diversity and distribution of defense systems in archaea and identify 2610 complete systems in Asgardarchaeota, a group of archaea related to eukaryotes.

A Characterization of the Cardiac Physiology and Aortic Pulse Wave Properties of Artistic Swimmers Across Competitive Levels.

Purpose: The distinct physical and environmental stressors of artistic swimming (previously termed synchronized swimming) result in unique hemodynamic stimuli. Given that the hemodynamic stress associated with participation in an exercise modality drives adaptation of the heart and central vasculature, artistic swimming may produce a distinct cardiovascular phenotype. Presumably, athletes competing at the highest levels also have greater training exposure and thus exhibit more adaptation.

Saliva-derived secondary DNA transfer on fabric: The impact of varying conditions.

This study explored secondary DNA transfer involving saliva, a body fluid often encountered in forensic investigations. Various factors were examined to investigate their potential impact on the transfer of DNA from saliva stains deposited onto common types of fabric (cotton, nylon, and towel). We examined varying types of saliva moisture (wet, dry, and rehydrated) and different types of contact (controlled pressure and active/friction pressure) to quantitatively evaluate how such variables could impact transfer and possible conclusions surrounding saliva-derived DNA deposits.

A Glycemic Status Classification Model Using a Radiofrequency Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitor.

Despite significant efforts in the development of noninvasive blood glucose (BG) monitoring solutions, delivering an accurate, real-time BG measurement remains challenging. We sought to address this by using a novel radiofrequency (RF) glucose sensor to noninvasively classify glycemic status. The study included 31 participants aged 18-65 with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and no other significant medical history.

Exercise systolic blood pressures are unaffected by time of day in healthy young adults.

Blood pressure (BP) assessment during exercise testing has the capacity to identify exaggerated exercise BP (EEBP). BP has a circadian rhythm; therefore, exercise BPs may change throughout the day complicating EEBP identification. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of time of day on exercise BP in healthy young adults.

Striving for Improved Infection Prevention and Control Practice: A Grounded Theory of Healthcare Workers' Struggles in Implementing Infection Prevention and Control Guidance in Uganda.

There is a scarcity of qualitative research focusing on the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance in low-income countries. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding the implementation of IPC guidance at the healthcare facility level in Uganda. The study also sought to generate a theoretical understanding of the processes involved in implementing IPC guidance in these settings.

Serotonin and the serotonin transporter in the adrenal gland.

The adrenal glands are key components of the mammalian endocrine system, helping maintain physiological homeostasis and the coordinated response to stress. Each adrenal gland has two morphologically and functionally distinct regions, the outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex is organized into three concentric zones which secrete steroid hormones, including aldosterone and cortisol.

Selectively breeding for high voluntary physical activity in female mice does not bestow inherent characteristics that resemble eccentric remodeling of the heart, but the mini-muscle phenotype does.

Physical activity engagement results in a variety of positive health outcomes, including a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk partially due to eccentric remodeling of the heart. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if four replicate lines of High Runner mice that have been selectively bred for voluntary exercise on wheels have a cardiac phenotype that resembles the outcome of eccentric remodeling. Adult females (average age 55 days) from the 4 High Runner and 4 non-selected control lines were anaesthetized via vaporized isoflurane, then echocardiographic images were collected and analyzed for structural and functional differences.

The cost of perfection: An investigation into the unnecessary rejection of clinically acceptable lateral wrist imaging.

Introduction: This study illustrates image rejection rates of the lateral wrist x-ray projection at a large, public teaching hospital. Rejected images were evaluated to determine the number of images that needed to be repeated based on the clinical indication. This study highlights the difference in subjective image-repeat decision-making skills existing between radiologists, experienced radiographers and junior radiographers.

The lived experience of receiving services as a National Disability Insurance Scheme participant in a rural area: Challenges of choice and control.

Objective: To explore the lived experience of people with a physical disability residing in a rural area and receiving services under the NDIS.

Setting: Rural areas of New South Wales classified as Modified Monash Categories 3-7.

Participants: Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven purposively sampled participants who self-identified as having a physical disability, were receiving NDIS funding and lived in a rural area of NSW.

The Yearly Periodicity of Operative Upper Extremity Trauma: A Retrospective Study of "Trauma Season".

Background: Upper extremity (UE) trauma requiring operative care increases during the summer and fall months, which the authors colloquially refer to as "trauma season."

Methods: CPT databases were queried for codes related to acute UE trauma at a single level-1 trauma center. Monthly CPT code volume was tabulated for 120 consecutive months and average monthly volume was calculated.

Hospital patient experiences of contact isolation for antimicrobial resistant organisms in relation to health care-associated infections: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the evidence.

Background: The alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance organisms (AMRs) and the threat caused by health care-associated infections require hospitalized individuals who are infected or colonized with AMRs to be cared for in isolation, predominantly in single rooms. None of the existing reviews focus on or specifically address the patient's experience of being cared for in contact isolation when affected by AMRs exploring this specific context.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance for the conduct of systematic reviews was applied.

Phospholipase C-ε defines a PACAP-stimulated pathway for secretion in the chromaffin cell.

Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells respond to splanchnic (sympathetic) nerve stimulation by releasing stress hormones into the circulation. The signal for hormone secretion is encoded in the neurotransmitters - especially acetylcholine (ACh) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) - that are released into the splanchnic-chromaffin cell synapse. However, functional differences in the effects of ACh and PACAP on the chromaffin cell secretory response are not well defined.

Joint Injury, Osteoarthritis, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Former National Football League Athletes: An NFL-LONG Study.

Context: Individuals with lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA) have a 25% greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than those without OA. The prevalence of traumatic joint injuries among National Football League (NFL) players exposes these athletes to an elevated risk for OA and potentially a greater risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) and CVD.

Objectives: To examine the associations between a history of lower extremity joint injury, lower extremity OA, and the prevalence of CRFs and CVD among former NFL athletes.

PACAP and acetylcholine cause distinct Ca2+ signals and secretory responses in chromaffin cells.

The adrenomedullary chromaffin cell transduces chemical messages into outputs that regulate end organ function throughout the periphery. At least two important neurotransmitters are released by innervating preganglionic neurons to stimulate exocytosis in the chromaffin cell-acetylcholine (ACh) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). Although PACAP is widely acknowledged as an important secretagogue in this system, the pathway coupling PACAP stimulation to chromaffin cell secretion is poorly understood.

Impact of a multidisciplinary sepsis huddle in the emergency department.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in hospitals requiring prompt recognition and treatment. The sepsis bundle is the cornerstone of sepsis treatment. Studies have evaluated the impact of a sepsis huddle on sepsis bundle compliance but not in sepsis identification.

Acute physiological responses to high-intensity interval exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.

Purpose: Time spent closer to maximal effort during exercise is a potent stimulus for cardiorespiratory adaptations. The primary purpose was to determine which high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol provided the greatest physiological stimulus by comparing time spent ≥ 90% peak oxygen consumption (V̇Opeak) and heart rate reserve (HRR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in response to 3 HIIE protocols and the exercise standard of care, moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). A secondary purpose was to assess protocol preference.