Pain Management Interventions in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Literature Review.

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) occurs due to the narrowing of the space within the vertebral canal and or intervertebral foramina. This results in the compression of the spinal cord and possibly the roots of the spinal nerves. Lower back pain and neurogenic claudication (NC) are major symptoms of spinal stenosis.

Multimodal Pain Management for Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in the Acute Rehabilitation Setting: A Case Report.

Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by acute shoulder pain and novel neuromuscular weakness in the distribution of the brachial plexus. We present a case report highlighting the difficulties in the diagnosis and management of this condition. A multidisciplinary approach is often required to control this unique type of pain, consisting of neuropathic medications, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control neuromuscular pain, and modalities provided by experienced physical therapists.

Diaphragm Pacing: A Safety, Appropriateness, Financial Neutrality, and Efficacy Analysis of Treating Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and applicability of treating chronic respiratory insufficiency with diaphragm pacing relative to mechanical ventilation.

Materials And Methods: A literature review and analysis were conducted using the safety, appropriateness, financial neutrality, and efficacy principles.

Results: Although mechanical ventilation is clearly indicated in acute respiratory failure, diaphragm pacing improves life expectancy, increases quality of life, and reduces complications in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency.

A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis on the Etiology of Bradycardia in COVID-19 Patients.

Introduction Bradycardia has been reported in the setting of SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) and appears to be an important cardiac manifestation with an association of mortality. However, the etiology of bradycardia in COVID-19 remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to retrospectively investigate the potential causes of bradycardia in COVID-19 patients.

Septic Portal Vein Thrombosis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.

Pylephlebitis, otherwise known as septic portal vein thrombosis, is an infective suppurative thrombosis of the portal vein and/or its intra-hepatic branches. It is a diagnosis that is frequently missed but easily treated with antibiotics. Therefore, it should be considered early on in any patient presenting with fever, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, and evidence of portal vein thrombosis on a CT scan.

Elevated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Hypercortisolism, and Marked Hypernatremia.

We present a case of refractory hypernatremia in a patient with elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and hypercortisolism. Cortisol's effect in tissues results in various outcomes, from maintaining blood pressure to increasing serum glucose levels. In addition, cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone activate mineralocorticoid receptors with the same affinity; therefore, the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors by elevated cortisol levels leads to increased sodium reabsorption, increased potassium secretion, and metabolic alkalosis.

Epidural hematomas after removal of percutaneous spinal cord stimulator trial leads: two case reports.

Objective: We report 2 cases of spinal epidural hematoma formation after the removal of percutaneous spinal cord stimulator trial leads and discuss the possible etiologies of these complications.

Case Report: Two patients developed spinal epidural hematomas shortly after removal of their percutaneous trial leads and required multilevel laminectomies for evacuation of the hematoma. Patient 1 reported taking aspirin the morning that his leads were pulled, whereas patient 2 had not taken aspirin in the 7 days before commencing his trial.