The perinatal origins of major reproductive disorders in the adolescent: Research avenues.

The fetal endometrium becomes responsive to steroid hormones around the fourth month of pregnancy starting with an oestrogenic phase, which is followed late in pregnancy by a secretory phase. Based on post-mortem studies, the endometrium at birth is secretory in only one-third of neonates and proliferative in the remaining cases. Decidual or menstrual changes are rare in fetal endometrium despite high circulating steroid hormone levels, which drop rapidly after birth.

Obturator approach in the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence using tension-free transvaginal tape.

The study reviews the surgical treatment results of urinary stress incontinence in the group of 51 female patients, in whom the tension-free transvaginal tape was placed beneath the middle part of urethra using obturator approach during the period from 2005 to 2009. The method of surgery applied in all patients was obturator approach ("inside-out" method sec. de Leval), using a synthetic tension-free transvaginal prolen tape.

Usefulness of beta hCG as tumor marker in the diagnosis and follow up of patients with ovarian cancer.

Purpose: To test the possibility of using beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) as a tumor marker in ovarian cancer by determining its diagnostic and prognostic value, and see for any relationship between disease stage, histological tumor types and serum and ascitic fluid β-hCG levels, as well as to identify false positive and false negative results.

Methods: This was a prospective study in 60 surgically treated patients with ovarian cancer in the period 2006- 2010. The diagnosis was confirmed postoperatively based on the histopathological findings and the continuous determination of β-hCG serum levels, during the 2 postoperative years at regular quarterly intervals.

[Quality of life in women with pelvic floor dysfunction].

Background/aim: Pelvic floor dysfunction is a frequent problem affecting more than 50% of women in peri- and postmenopause. Considering that ageing and menopause befall in the significant factors causing this issue, as well as the expected longevity of women in the world and in our country, pelvic floor dysfunction prevelence is foreseen to be even higher. The aim of the study was to evaluate impact of the symptoms of pelvic dysfunction on quality of life and examine body image satisfaction in adult women with pelvic organ prolapse presenting to tertiary care clinic for surgical treatment.

Are the additional grafts necessary?

The goals of surgery for spinal deformity are to correct or improve the deformity to get a stable, balanced and fused spine. The long-term success of any procedure for scoliosis depends on a solid arthrodesis. Getting fusion of the instrumented segment with the aid of copious autogenous iliac graft has been the most important goal of treatment.

[Preoperative preparation of patients for gynecologic operations].

Introduction: A surgical treatment is stressful for a patient and its risks and complications can be fatal. The preoperative preparation is an important step when performing a surgical treatment and it is carried out in a precisely determined order.

I Getting Information On The Problem And Previous Examinations: It starts with taking the medical history, the first meeting and conversation between the patient and the gynecologist.

[Ultrasound detection of endometrial fluid in postmenopausal women].

Unlabelled: The aim, of this prospective study was to estimate whether the presence of endometrial fluid detected by transvaginal ultrasound investigation was a marker for the pathological changes of the endometrium in postmenopausal women.

Material And Methods: 128 postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding and 29 asymptomatic postmenopausal women underwent transvaginal ultrasound investigation, curettage and histopathological investigation of the curettage specimens.

Results: There were significantly more asymptomatic women with endometrial fluid collection was found (41,4%) than those with uterine bleeding (7,8%) (p<0,001).

[Ultrasound in screening of endometrial carcinoma in asymptomatic postmenopausal women].

Introduction: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference in ultrasound detection of pathologic states of endometrium between asymptomatic postmenopausal women and postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding in whom the thickness of endometrium was greater than 3 mm at ultrasound examination.

Material And Methods: The study included 128 postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding and 29 asymptomatic posmenopausal women who underwent gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound examination, fractional explorative curettage and histopathological examination of the endometrium.

Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the examined groups of women in relation to the detection of pathologic states of the endometrium (polyps, hyperplasias and carcinomas) as well as between individual pathologic states, although the research showed that the asymptomatic women were more frequently presented with well-differentiated carcinoma versus the medium-differentiated carcinoma in the symptomatic group of women.

[Abdominal sacrocolpopexy in surgical treatment of complete vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy].

Introduction: The vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy is a complex disorder, which can be associated with the prolapse of anterior or posterior vaginal wall or cystorectocele. The exact incidence is unknown, and is within the range from 1 - 43% of operated patients. In order to achieve the complete surgical reconstruction of the pelvic floor disorder, a surgeon must have good knowledge of normal anatomic relations of pelvic organs.

[Serum copper levels in early pregnancy complicated by symptoms of spontaneous abortion and infection].

Introduction: The study evaluates serum levels of copper, chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, progesterone and prolactin in patients with symptoms of miscarriage and in uncomplicated pregnancies in cases with or without cervical or vaginal infections detected by vaginal or cervical smears, as well as Chlamydia testing.

Material And Methods: The study included 50 patients with symptoms of threatening miscarriage and 50 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Hormone levels were determined by ELISA method and copper was evaluated by acid medium colorimetry.

[Transvaginal sonography of the postmenopausal endometrium].

Introduction: The most frequent symptom suggesting endometrial pathology is uterine bleeding. Each postmenopausal uterine bleeding requires fraction explorative curettage and histopathologic examination of the material obtained from the cervical canal and uterine cavity. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of ultrasonography as a non-invasive method in detection of endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women, and to find out whether its more frequent use could safely decrease the number of curettages in detection of these conditions.

Induction of labor by endocervical application of prostaglandins and intravenous infusion of oxytocin in postterm pregnancy.

The study compares two contemporary modes of labor induction: intravenous application of Syntocinon and endocervical application of prostaglandins and examines their efficacy and safety. Ninety women were divided according to the degree of cervical maturation (shown by Bishop score) into two groups. In group I there were 60 women with unripe cervix (Bishop score < or = 5) and induction was performed by endocervical application of 0.

[Ectopic pregnancy in women who use intrauterine contraceptive devices].

This study analyzes occurrence of ectopic pregnancies in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices. During a 5-year period, 1990-1994, 524 women with ectopic pregnancies underwent surgery at our Clinic, while 22 (4.2%) had intrauterine devices.

[Nutritional status in women and estrogen production in surgical menopause].

The objective of this study was to examine how nutritional status, in women with bilateral ovariectomy and after preservation of ovaries, influences estrogen production. After bilateral ovariectomy statistically significant low values of urinary estrogens were recorded (21.76 nmol) in regard to ovarian preservation (87.

[Serum lipids in surgical and natural postmenopause].

Values of serum lipids in women of different estrogenic status were analyzed in this paper. A deficit of estrogen was established in groups of surgically induced and natural postmenopausal women, but a relatively preserved production of estrogenic hormones in the group of women with preserved ovaries and group of premenopausal women. Serum triglycerides, the total serum cholesterol and LDL fraction of cholesterol were highest in surgically induced premenopausal women, somewhat lower in natural postmenopausal women, while they were statistically significantly lower in premenopausal women and women with preserved ovaries.

[Inhibition of initial puerperal and postabortion lactation using oral prostaglandin E2 (Dinoprostone)].

Authors present their experience in oral administration of Prostaglandin E2 (Dinoproston, Upjohn) during postpartal and postabortal period (à 0.5 mg after legal pregnancy interruption) in suppression of lactation. Indications for postpartal lactation suppression were such as: stillbirth, postpartal neonatal death and maternal negative attitude towards breast feeding.

[Preservation and relocation of the ovaries in an experiment on female dogs and the initial experience in radical hysterectomy in women].

During an experiment in bitches, the ovaries were placed sub-peritoneally beneath the skin of the abdominal wall preserving the infundibulo-pelvic ligament. A year later a relaparotomy was performed. No alterations were evidenced in the ovaries placed either sub-peritoneally of beneath the skin.