Applying machine learning in screening for Down Syndrome in both trimesters for diverse healthcare scenarios.

Background: This paper describes the development of low-cost, effective, non-invasive machine learning-based prediction models for Down Syndrome in the first two trimesters of pregnancy in Vietnam. These models are adaptable to different situations with limited screening capacities at community-based healthcare facilities.

Method: Ultrasound and biochemical testing alone and in combination, from both trimesters were employed to build prediction models based on k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithms.

Fault-Tolerant Control Based on Current Space Vectors against Total Sensor Failures.

This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategy using the current space vectors to diagnose sensor failures and enhance the sustained operation of a field-oriented (FO) controlled induction motor drive (IMD). Three space vectors are established for the sensor fault diagnosis technique, including one converted from the measured currents and the other two calculated from the current estimation technique, respectively, measured and with reference speeds. A mixed mathematical model using three space vectors and their components is proposed to accurately determine the fault condition of each sensor in the motor drive.

Nutritional status of Vietnamese infants assessed by Fenton growth chart and related factors: A cross-sectional study.

Importance: Nutritional status of infants, measured by birth weight and length, is an essential factor in neonatal development. Malnutrition in newborns may lead to a higher risk of mortality, neurological and cognitive impairment, and poor language development.

Objective: This study aims to assess the nutritional status of infants and related factors regarding maternal anthropometric characteristics and medical history.

Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections.

Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics.

Soy and Gastrointestinal Health: A Review.

Soybean is the most economically important legume globally, providing a major source of plant protein for millions of people; it offers a high-quality, cost-competitive and versatile base-protein ingredient for plant-based meat alternatives. The health benefits of soybean and its constituents have largely been attributed to the actions of phytoestrogens, which are present at high levels. Additionally, consumption of soy-based foods may also modulate gastrointestinal (GI) health, in particular colorectal cancer risk, via effects on the composition and metabolic activity of the GI microbiome.

Sensor Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Rotor Slip Applied to Induction Motor Drive.

A novel diagnosis method based on the rotor slip is proposed in the paper to correctly detect current and speed sensor failures during the induction motor drive (IMD) operation. In order to enhance reliability and avoid confusion in the diagnosis algorithm due to the influence of measured signal quality, each fault type is determined in a priority order defined by the diagnosis method. Based on the features of the IMD applying the field-oriented control (FOC) technique, an innovative model uses the measured currents and reference speed as the input signals to estimate the rotor slip for the current sensor fault detection.

Karrikin Receptor KAI2 Coordinates Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants activate a myriad of signaling cascades to tailor adaptive responses under environmental stresses, such as salinity. While the roles of exogenous karrikins (KARs) in salt stress mitigation are well comprehended, genetic evidence of KAR signaling during salinity responses in plants remains unresolved. Here, we explore the functions of the possible KAR receptor KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to salt stress by investigating comparative responses of wild-type (WT) and kai2-mutant plants under a gradient of NaCl.

The Karrikin Receptor Karrikin Insensitive2 Positively Regulates Heat Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

In this study, we investigated the potential role of the karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to high-temperature stress. We performed phenotypic, physiological and transcriptome analyses of Arabidopsis kai2 mutants and wild-type (WT) plants under control (kai2_C and WT_C, respectively) and 6- and 24-h heat stress conditions (kai2_H6, kai2_H24, WT_H6 and WT_H24, respectively) to understand the basis for KAI2-regulated heat stress tolerance. We discovered that the kai2 mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to high-temperature stress relative to WT plants, which might be associated with a more highly increased leaf surface temperature and cell membrane damage in kai2 mutant plants.

KARRIKIN UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.

The karrikin (KAR) receptor and several related signaling components have been identified by forward genetic screening, but only a few studies have reported on upstream and downstream KAR signaling components and their roles in drought tolerance. Here, we characterized the functions of KAR UPREGULATED F-BOX 1 (KUF1) in drought tolerance using a reverse genetics approach in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that kuf1 mutant plants were more tolerant to drought stress than wild-type (WT) plants.

Modulation of osmoprotection and antioxidant defense by exogenously applied acetate enhances cadmium stress tolerance in lentil seedlings.

To examine the potential role of acetate in conferring cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris), several phenotypical and physio-biochemical properties have been examined in Cd-stressed lentil seedlings following acetate applications. Acetate treatment inhibited the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots, which resulted in a minimal reduction in photosynthetic pigment contents. Additionally, acetate-treated lentil showed higher shoot (1.

SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE2 (SMXL2) Negatively Regulate Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Recent investigations in Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that SUPPRESSOR of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 1 (SMAX1) and SMAX1-LIKE2 (SMXL2) are negative regulators of karrikin (KAR) and strigolactone (SL) signaling during plant growth and development, but their functions in drought resistance and related mechanisms of action remain unclear. To understand the roles and mechanisms of SMAX1 and SMXL2 in drought resistance, we investigated the drought-resistance phenotypes and transcriptome profiles of smax1 smxl2 (s1,2) double-mutant plants in response to drought stress. The s1,2 mutant plants showed enhanced drought-resistance and lower leaf water loss when compared with wild-type (WT) plants.

Pediatric Intussusception Following COVID-19 Infection: A Rare Presentation.

Pediatric intussusception has been reported to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in the literature since the start of the pandemic in the past two years. Although this occurrence is exceptionally rare, rapid diagnosis based on recognition of gastrointestinal manifestations, clinical examination, and ultrasound confirmation can expedite appropriate care and prevent delayed complications. Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction and acute abdomen in pediatric patients.

Plasma Metabolic and Lipidomic Fingerprinting of Individuals with Increased Intestinal Permeability.

The dual-sugar intestinal permeability test is a commonly used test to assess changes in gut barrier function. However, it does not identify functional changes and the exact mechanism of damage caused by the increased intestinal permeability. This study aims to explore the application of untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics to identify markers of increased intestinal permeability.

Insights into the gene and protein structures of the CaSWEET family members in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and their gene expression patterns in different organs under various stress and abscisic acid treatments.

'Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters' (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters that play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly plant stress responses. However, no information is available yet for the CaSWEET family in chickpea. Here, we identified all putative CaSWEET members in chickpea, and obtained their major characteristics, including physicochemical patterns, chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization, gene organization, conserved motifs and three-dimensional protein structures.

Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in .

Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. and type-B triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants.

Fear-Related Reasons for Avoiding Sexual Intercourse in Early Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Several studies have reported women's worry that sexual intercourse may harm the course of pregnancy. This worry might lead to avoidance of sexual intercourse during pregnancy.

Aim: To assess if fears about harming the pregnancy are associated with avoidance of sexual intercourse during pregnancy.

Resequencing of 672 Native Rice Accessions to Explore Genetic Diversity and Trait Associations in Vietnam.

Background: Vietnam possesses a vast diversity of rice landraces due to its geographical situation, latitudinal range, and a variety of ecosystems. This genetic diversity constitutes a highly valuable resource at a time when the highest rice production areas in the low-lying Mekong and Red River Deltas are enduring increasing threats from climate changes, particularly in rainfall and temperature patterns.

Results: We analysed 672 Vietnamese rice genomes, 616 newly sequenced, that encompass the range of rice varieties grown in the diverse ecosystems found throughout Vietnam.

Strigolactones regulate arsenate uptake, vacuolar-sequestration and antioxidant defense responses to resist arsenic toxicity in rice roots.

We explored genetic evidence for strigolactones' role in rice tolerance to arsenate-stress. Comparative analyses of roots of wild-type (WT) and strigolactone-deficient mutants d10 and d17 in response to sodium arsenate (NaAsO) revealed differential growth inhibition [WT (11.28%) vs.

and Show Contrasting Root Metabolic Responses to Drought.

Drought is an environmental stressor that affects crop yield worldwide. Understanding plant physiological responses to stress conditions is needed to secure food in future climate conditions. In this study, we applied a combination of plant physiology and metabolomic techniques to understand plant responses to progressive water deficit focusing on the root system.

Associations between diet, the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acids in youth with islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.

Aim: We aimed to characterize associations between diet and the gut microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) products in youth with islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes (IA/T1D) in comparison with controls.

Research Design And Methods: Eighty participants (25 diagnosed with T1D, 17 with confirmed IA, 38 sibling or unrelated controls) from the Australian T1D Gut Study cohort were studied (median [IQR] age 11.7 [8.

Almond consumption affects fecal microbiota composition, stool pH, and stool moisture in overweight and obese adults with elevated fasting blood glucose: A randomized controlled trial.

Regular almond consumption has been shown to improve body weight management, lipid profile and blood glucose control. We hypothesized that almond consumption would alter fecal microbiota composition, including increased abundance and activity of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa in adults who are overweight and obese with elevated fasting blood glucose. A total of 69 adults who were overweight or obese with an elevated plasma glucose (age: 60.

Different strategies of strigolactone and karrikin signals in regulating the resistance of to water-deficit stress.

Strigolactone and karrikin receptors, DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), respectively, have been shown to positively regulate drought resistance in by modulating abscisic acid responsiveness, anthocyanin accumulation, stomatal closure, cell membrane integrity and cuticle formation. Here, we aim to identify genes specifically or commonly regulated by D14 and KAI2 under water scarcity, using comparative analysis of the transcriptome data of the and mutants under dehydration conditions. In comparison with wild-type, under dehydration conditions, the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis and the metabolism of glucosinolates and trehalose were significantly changed in both and mutant plants, whereas the transcript levels of genes related to the metabolism of cytokinins and brassinosteroids were significantly altered in the mutant plants only.

Negative Roles of Strigolactone-Related SMXL6, 7 and 8 Proteins in Drought Resistance in .

Previous investigations have shown that the SUPPRESSORS OF MAX2 1-LIKE6, 7 and 8 (SMXL6, 7 and 8) proteins redundantly repress strigolactone (SL) signaling in plant growth and development. Recently, a growing body of evidence indicated that SLs positively regulate plant drought resistance through functional analyses of genes involved in SL biosynthesis and positive regulation of SL signaling. However, the functions of the SL-signaling negative regulators SMXL6, 7 and 8 in drought resistance and the associated mechanisms remain elusive.

Insights into acetate-mediated copper homeostasis and antioxidant defense in lentil under excessive copper stress.

Gradual contamination of agricultural land with copper (Cu), due to the indiscriminate uses of fungicides and pesticides, and the discharge of industrial waste to the environment, poses a high threat for soil degradation and consequently food crop production. In this study, we combined morphological, physiological and biochemical assays to investigate the mechanisms underlying acetate-mediated Cu toxicity tolerance in lentil. Results demonstrated that high dose of Cu (3.