Stress triggers gut dysbiosis via CRH-CRHR1-mitochondria pathway.

Stress can lead to gut dysbiosis in brain-gut axis disordered diseases as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet the mechanisms how stress transfer from the brain to the gut and disrupt gut microbiota remain elusive. Here we describe a stress-responsive brain-to-gut axis which impairs colonocytes' mitochondria to trigger gut dysbiosis. Patients with IBS exhibit significantly increased facultative anaerobes and decreased obligate anaerobes, related to increased serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) level and defected colonocytes' mitochondria ultrastructure.

Fluorescent and Colorimetric Dual-Readout Immunochromatographic Assay for the Detection of Phenamacril Residues in Agricultural Products.

The fungicide phenamacril has been employed to manage and mycotoxins in crops, leading to persistent residues in the environment and plants. Detecting phenamacril is pivotal for ensuring environmental and food safety. In this study, haptens and artificial antigens were synthesized to produce antiphenamacril monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of New-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: The association between antibiotic exposure and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial, especially whether there is a dose-response relationship. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to thoroughly evaluate the risk of new-onset IBD associated with antibiotic exposure.

Methods: Four databases were searched from their inception to September 30, 2023 for all relevant studies.

Colorimetric and Reverse Fluorescence Dual-Signal Readout Immunochromatographic Assay for the Sensitive Determination of Sibutramine.

Later flow immunochromatographic assay has been widely used in clinical, environmental, and other diagnostic applications owing to its high sensitivity and throughput. However, most immunoassays operate in the "turn-off" mode for detecting targets of low molecular weight. The signal intensity decreases as the analyte concentration increases, which poses a challenge for achieving ultrasensitive detection at low concentrations and is counterintuitive to new users.

An Integrated Approach to Improve the Assay Performance of Quantum Dot-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays by Using Silver Deposition.

Traditional quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay (QD-LFIA) is limited to signal loss in part by the blinking, photobleaching and oxidative quenching of QD probes. Inspired by the good application of silver deposition on QD surfaces in tissue imaging, and in the context of improving the assay performance without compromising the simplicity and practicality, we report that introducing the QD-silver combination to the LFIA system, has the advantages of accuracy improvement, signal enhancement and user friendliness promotion, but maintains the cost-effective property and commercial accessibility of QD-LFIA. The effect was shown by using CdSe/ZnS QD-LFIA coupled with anti-sodium pentachlorophenate antibody, which provided a 4-fold improvement in the signal, a 2.

Distinct Effects of Non-absorbed Agents Rifaximin and Berberine on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Dysbiosis-induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats.

Background/aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is accepted as a disorder of gut-brain interactions. Berberine and rifaximin are non-absorbed antibiotics and have been confirmed effective for IBS treatment, but there is still lack of direct comparison of their effects. This study aims to compare the effect of the 2 drugs on the alteration of gut-brain axis caused by gut microbiota from IBS patients.

Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits Postharvest Gray Mold on Pepper Fruits via Inhibiting Fungal Growth and Triggering Fruit Defense.

Gray mold infected with frequently appears on fruits and vegetables throughout the supply chain after harvest, leading to economic losses. Biological control of postharvest disease with phytochemicals is a promising approach. CA (cinnamaldehyde) is a natural phytochemical with medicinal and antimicrobial activity.

Competitive ratiometric fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay based on dual emission signal for sensitive detection of chlorothalonil.

In this study, we develop a competitive ratiometric fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (CRF-LFIA) based on dual emission fluorescence signal, which has great advantage in visual and quantitative detection of Chlorothalonil (CTN). Red-emitted fluorescent magnetic nanobeads (FMNBs) and green-emitted aggregation-induced emission fluorescent microsphere (AIEFM) are synthesized and conjugated to antibodies and antigens respectively, resulting in competitive binding with the analyte. The ratiometric fluorescence signal which comes from the overlap of these two fluorescence emissions.

Highly resistant and sensitive colorimetric immunochromatographic assay for sibutramine (SBT) illegally adulterated into diet food based on PDA/AuNP labelling.

A gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based immunochromatographic assay strip is a valuable tool for monitoring chemicals in foods. However, the sensitive ICA strip for SBT is rarely reported due to the fact that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SBT with high affinity are commercially unavailable. Herein, a monoclonal antibody against SBT was prepared through a designed hapten with a carboxyl end-capped space arm.

Uncovering the Nutritive Profiles of Adult Male Chinese Mitten Crab () Harvested from the Pond and Natural Water Area of Qin Lake Based on Metabolomics.

, normally harvested in October and November, is an economic aquatic product in China. Pond culture has been widely applied for the production of , wherein a stable food supply for crabs is provided. In order to improve the nutritional quality of products, this study evaluated the effect of the local pond culture on the nutritive profiles of and screened out the best harvest time for the nutrient-rich crabs, thereby guiding the local crab industry to improve its aquaculture mode and harvest strategy.

"Sentinel or accomplice": gut microbiota and microglia crosstalk in disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Abnormal brain-gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an important role. Microglia are the "sentinels" of the central nervous system (CNS), which participate in tissue damage caused by traumatic brain injury, resist central infection and participate in neurogenesis, and are involved in the occurrence of various neurological diseases. With in-depth research on DGBI, we could find an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and microglia and that they are jointly involved in the occurrence of DGBI, especially in individuals with comorbidities of mental disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Berberine Suppresses Lung Metastasis of Cancer Inhibiting Endothelial Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor 1.

This study investigated the effects of berberine (BBR) on pancreatic cancer (PC) lung metastasis and explored the underlying mechanisms, using a BALB/C-nu/nu nude mouse model injected with PC cells (AsPC-1). Intragastric administration of BBR dose-dependently improves survival of mice intravenously injected with AsPC-1 cells, and reduces lung metastasis. Especially, BBR significantly reduces lung infiltration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) 24 h after AsPC-1 cells injection.

Using a quantum dot bead-based lateral flow immunoassay to broadly detect the adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors in functional foods.

In this study, a designed hapten possessing the classic structure of PDE-5 inhibitors was synthesized. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) with broad recognition for six PDE-5 inhibitors was further produced. For the determination of lodenafil, methisosildenafil, mirodenafil, udenafil and tadalafil, the limit of detection (LOD) and IC ranged from 1.

Friction-Wear Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Paper-Based Friction Materials under Different Working Conditions.

To study the friction and wear performance of carbon fiber reinforced friction materials under different working conditions, paper-based friction materials with different fibers were prepared. Experiments on the SAE#2 test bench were conducted to study the infectors including friction torques, surface temperature, coefficient of friction (COF), and surface morphologies. The results were analyzed, which indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced friction material could provide a higher friction torque and a lower temperature rising rate under the applied high pressure and high rotating speed conditions.

An aggregation-induced emission immunoassay for broad detection of polychlorinated biphenyls in chicken and crab.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with multiple variants, which may be harmful to human health by absorption and bioaccumulation. To ensure food safety, it is necessary to develop multi-residue immunoassays for broad recognition of PCBs. In this study, by mimicking the generic core structure of PCBs, three haptens have been designed and synthesized for monoclonal antibody (mAb) generation.

Efficacy of Probiotics for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition. Studies regarding the treatment of IBS with probiotics have not yielded consistent results, and the best probiotics has not yet been confirmed. Therefore, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the relative rank order of different probiotics for IBS.

A Polydopamine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Quenching Quantum Dots-Based Dual-Readout Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Carbendazim in Agriproducts.

In this study, a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using antibody functionalized polydopamine-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PDAs) as a probe was developed for the detection of carbendazim (CBD). Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coated with polydopamines (PDA) by the oxidation of dopamine to synthesize Au@PDA nanoparticles. The Au@PDA nanoparticles mediated ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence quenching and recovery, resulting in a reverse fluorescence enhancement detection format of CBD.

Ecosystem impact and dietary exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and their farming areas in Jiangsu, China.

This study investigated the presence of 18 dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl- and ndl-PCBs), heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, and As) in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) and their distribution in Jiangsu, China. Risk assessment and source apportionment were employed for evaluating the eco-toxicological impact and human exposure. It was found that the compositions of PCBs varied spatially, suggesting different sources of pollutants, whilst PCB 28, 105, 114, and 126 were consistently found in all sample types, suggesting a common pollution source remained, and the bio-accumulation process was in effect.

A Fluorescent Detection for Paraquat Based on β-CDs-Enhanced Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters.

In this report, a fluorescent sensing method for paraquat based on gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is proposed. It was found that paraquat could quench both glutathione-capped AuNCs (GSH-AuNCs) and β-cyclodextrin-modified GSH-AuNCs (GSH/β-CDs-AuNCs). The modification of β-CDs on the surface of GSH-AuNCs obviously enhanced the fluorescence intensity of GSH-AuNCs and improved the sensitivity of paraquat sensing more than 4-fold.

Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescence "Turn-On" Detection of Pb (II) Based on FeO@Au-FITC Nanocomposite.

New nanocomposites, FeO@Au-FITC, were prepared and explored to develop a fluorescent detection of Pb. The FeO@AuNPs-FITC nanocomposites could be etched by Pb in the presence of NaSO, leading to fluorescence recovery of FITC quenched by FeO@Au nanocomposites. With the increase of Pb concentration, the fluorescence recovery of FeO@AuNPs-FITC increased gradually.

Anti-idiotypic single-chain variable fragment antibody partially mimic the functionally spatial structure of Cry2Aa toxin.

The anti-idiotypic antibody is widely used in the field of immunology to simulate structural features or even induce the biological activity of antigens. In this study, we obtained seven anti-idiotypic single-chain variable fragments (scFv) antibodies of Cry2Aa toxin from a phage-displayed mutant library constructed using error-prone PCR technique. A mutant designated 2-12B showed the best binding ability amongst all anti-idiotypic scFv isolates to Plutella xylostella brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs).

Melatonin-ROS signal module regulates plant lateral root development.

Lateral root (LR) branches from primary root. LR is vital for plants acquiring water and nutrients from soil, especially under stress conditions. LR development involves the complicated signaling network, which has not yet been fully understood.

Sensitive Immunochromatographic Assay Using Highly Luminescent Quantum Dot Nanobeads as Tracer for the Detection of Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride in Animal-Derived Food.

Cyproheptadine hydrochloride (CYP), used as human and veterinary drug, has been used illegally as feed additive for food-producing animals, which could remain in food and jeopardize human health. There is a need for on-site detection of CYP residue in animal-derived food. In this study, a hapten was designed, and a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed to detect CYP with an IC of 1.

Construction and characterization of a class-specific single-chain variable fragment against pyrethroid metabolites.

Pyrethroids are insecticides that are widely used in rural and urban areas worldwide. After entering the environment, pyrethroids are rapidly metabolized or degraded by various biological or abiotic methods. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) which could simultaneously detect three pyrethroid metabolites was constructed based on a hybridoma raised against 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA).

Production and characterization of a single-chain variable fragment antibody from a site-saturation mutagenesis library derived from the anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody.

There are plenty of applications of Cry1A toxins (Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac) in genetically modified crops, and it is necessary to establish corresponding detection methods. In this study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) with high affinities to Cry1A toxins was produced. First, the variable regions of heavy (V) and light chain (V) were amplified from hybridoma cell 5B5 which secrete anti-Cry1A monoclonal antibody (mAb) and then spliced into scFv-5B5 by overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR).