Publications by authors named "Cunwei Cao"

Background: Anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome, which makes individuals susceptible to intracellular pathogen infections. However, AIGAs are rarely reported in adolescents.

Case Presentation: We report a 13-year-old Chinese boy who presented with fever, cough, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

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Background: Voriconazole (VRC) has been used as an alternative treatment for talaromycosis. However, there are few studies reporting the VRC plasma concentration in patients with talaromycosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations between VRC initial steady-state trough concentration and clinical outcomes.

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Background: The use of fluconazole for long-term oral candidiasis treatment in HIV/AIDS patients can potentially affect the clearance rate and antifungal efficacy of voriconazole against Talaromyces marneffei infection. We isolated two T. marneffei strains that were both resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole.

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Idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia (ICL) is a rare non-HIV-related syndrome, characterized by a reduced CD4 T-cell count and a predisposition to various opportunistic infections. However, (TM) infection has rarely been reported in ICL patients. Here, we report a previously healthy 48-year-old male patient who presented with fever, headache, fatigue, vomiting, and poor appetite.

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The precise and effective activation of the immune response is crucial in promising therapy curing cancer. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is an emerging strategy for precise regulation and highly spatiotemporal selectivity. However, this approach faces a significant challenge due to the off-target effect and the immunosuppressive microenvironment.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Cases of ARD infections have been reported in China, highlighting the risk of spreading these resistant strains among humans, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
  • * Experts from various medical fields collaborated to create consensus guidelines, aiming to enhance awareness of dermatophyte drug resistance and provide practical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of ARD infections.
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Strains from the species complex (CGSC) have caused the Pacific Northwest cryptococcosis outbreak, the largest cluster of life-threatening fungal infections in otherwise healthy human hosts known to date. In this study, we utilized a pan-phenome-based method to assess the fitness outcomes of CGSC strains under 31 stress conditions, providing a comprehensive overview of 2,821 phenotype-strain associations within this pathogenic clade. Phenotypic clustering analysis revealed a strong correlation between distinct types of stress phenotypes in a subset of CGSC strains, suggesting that shared determinants coordinate their adaptations to various stresses.

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The diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients remains challenging. There is an urgent need for rapid and convenient methods to diagnose this complicated disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for talaromycosis in non-HIV-infected patients by comparing mNGS with traditional microbial culture.

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Article Synopsis
  • Invasive fungal disease (IFD) poses a significant health threat globally, including high rates of misdiagnosis, poor antifungal quality, and adverse treatment effects leading to increased hospital stays and healthcare burdens.
  • Antifungal stewardship (AFS) is crucial for improving diagnosis rates, reducing inappropriate drug use, enhancing patient outcomes, and lowering healthcare costs, prompting the need for metrics tailored to China's healthcare context.
  • A consensus was achieved among 46 experts on 24 AFS metrics, categorized into patient, timing, and usage metrics, marking a significant step towards improving IFD management in China.
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  • Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a serious skin infection caused by toxins from bacteria, with limited data available from Southwestern China, motivating this study on its clinical and microbiological characteristics.
  • The study analyzed 79 SSSS patients over nearly a decade, finding a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), primarily from community sources, and showed annual variations in the incidence of SSSS.
  • Results indicate that while MRSA was fully sensitive to several antibiotics like vancomycin, resistance to penicillin was complete, highlighting the need for prescribing antibiotics based on susceptibility patterns for better treatment outcomes.
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Background: Kerion is a severe type of tinea capitis that is difficult to treat and remains a public health problem.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiologic features and efficacy of different treatment schemes from real-world experience.

Methods: From 2019 to 2021, 316 patients diagnosed with kerion at 32 tertiary Chinese hospitals were enrolled.

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Intra-articular drugs used to treat osteoarthritis (OA) often suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and stability. Nano-platforms as drug delivery systems for drug delivery are promising for OA therapy. In this study, we reported an M1 macrophage-targeted delivery system Bai@FA-UIO-66-NH based on folic acid (FA) -modified metal-organic framework (MOF) loaded with baicalin (Bai) as antioxidant agent for OA therapy.

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Cases of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like rash induced by IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab treatment (SI-AD) have been recently reported in psoriasis patients. To identify immune and inflammatory factors expression in SI-AD. A panel of 15 immune and inflammatory factors in peripheral blood samples from various groups, including patients with patients with SI-AD, psoriasis with secukinumab (S-stable), advanced psoriasis patients (Advanced) and healthy controls (HC).

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(TM) and (PJ) infection are opportunistic infections that typically affect individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV or immunodeficiency. However, these infections are rarely seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present a case study of a 52-year-old woman diagnosed with SLE who developed a co-infection of TM and PJ after receiving glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and belimumab therapy.

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Knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of fungemia in southern China is limited. We conducted a six-year retrospective descriptive study to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fungemia at the largest tertiary hospital in Guangxi, southern China. Data were obtained from the laboratory registry of patients with fungemia between January 2014 and December 2019.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in Guangxi, southern China. A multicenter prospective descriptive study was conducted in 8 hospitals across Guangxi. From January 2019 to July 2022, one hundred seventy-one (171) patients diagnosed with tinea capitis were included.

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Background: Mucormycosis is a rare form of invasive, rapidly progressive and lethal opportunistic fungal infection caused by Mucorales. Although Rhizopus arrhizus (R. arrhizus) is the most commonly isolated Mucorales worldwide, infections caused by Apophysomyces variabilis (A.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study in Southwest China examined the prevalence and characteristics of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), revealing that 32.75% of isolates were MRSA, with a majority being community-associated (CA) rather than healthcare-associated (HA).
  • Patients with HA-MRSA infections were generally older and had specific comorbidities, like severe drug eruptions, while CA-MRSA was commonly linked to staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
  • Findings indicated that CA-MRSA showed resistance to certain antibiotics, while HA-MRSA was more susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, highlighting an increasing concern over HA-MRSA infections.
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  • A thermally dimorphic fungus causes systemic mycoses and the study focuses on the combined use of berberine (BBR) and fluconazole (FLC) against FLC-resistant strains.
  • The combination of BBR and FLC significantly lowers the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 256 μg/ml to 8 μg/ml, indicating a strong synergistic effect.
  • Mechanisms behind the antifungal action include increased reactive oxygen species, reduced ergosterol content, disrupted cell integrity, and reduced expression of specific genes, suggesting BBR could effectively treat Talaromycosis.
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The high variability and unpredictability of the plasma concentration of voriconazole (VRC) pose a major challenge for clinical administration. The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model of VRC and identify the factors influencing VRC PPK in patients with talaromycosis. Medical records and VRC medication history of patients with talaromycosis who were treated with VRC as initial therapy were collected.

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Article Synopsis
  • Increasing reports of phaeohyphomycosis in both animals and humans raise concerns as the pathogenesis and virulence of the implicated fungus remain underexplored.
  • Experimental studies on BALB/c mice showed that different inoculation routes led to skin lesions and confirmed infection through mycological and histopathological methods.
  • Voriconazole was found to be the most effective antifungal treatment against the fungus, while fluconazole showed the least effectiveness, indicating a need for further research into its pathogenicity.
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Introduction: Although pulsed dye laser (PDL) remains the gold standard for the treatment of port-wine stains (PWS), hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) is another treatment modality that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PWS. This study aimed to observe the clinical efficacy and therapeutic response of HMME-PDT in the treatment of pediatric Chinese patients with PWS and to analyze the association between the efficacy of therapy and the dermoscopic features of PWS.

Methods: Pediatric patients with PWS and negative HMME skin test were enrolled between December 2017 and May 2021.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The child presented with a rapidly growing pigmented lesion on her palm, which was successfully treated with topical naftifine hydrochloride and ketoconazole cream.
  • * This report is notable as it identifies C. lunata as the first documented pathogen for tinea nigra, and it includes a review of existing literature on various causes, characteristics, and treatments of the condition.
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