Comparative transcriptomics reveals a highly polymorphic Xanthomonas HrpG virulence regulon.

Background: Bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas cause economically significant diseases in various crops. Their virulence is dependent on the translocation of type III effectors (T3Es) into plant cells by the type III secretion system (T3SS), a process regulated by the master response regulator HrpG. Although HrpG has been studied for over two decades, its regulon across diverse Xanthomonas species, particularly beyond type III secretion, remains understudied.

Rice Yellow Mottle Virus resistance by genome editing of the Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica nucleoporin gene OsCPR5.1 but not OsCPR5.2.

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) causes one of the most devastating rice diseases in Africa. Management of RYMV is challenging. Genetic resistance provides the most effective and environment-friendly control.

Genome editing of an African elite rice variety confers resistance against endemic and emerging pv. strains.

Bacterial leaf blight (BB) of rice, caused by pv. (), threatens global food security and the livelihood of small-scale rice producers. Analyses of collections from Asia, Africa and the Americas demonstrated complete continental segregation, despite robust global rice trade.

The Complete Genome Resource of pv. CIX2779 Includes the First Sequence of a Plasmid for an African Representative of This Rice Pathogen.

The bacterial plant pathogen pv. is responsible for the foliar rice bacterial blight disease. Genetically contrasted, continent-specific, sublineages of this species can cause important damages to rice production both in Asia and Africa.

The Rice Locus Is a Bidirectional Target of the African pv. Major Transcription Activator-like Effector TalC but Does Not Contribute to Disease Susceptibility.

pv. () strains that cause bacterial leaf blight (BLB) limit rice () production and require breeding more resistant varieties. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) activate transcription to promote leaf colonization by binding to specific plant host DNA sequences termed effector binding elements (EBEs).

Complete Genome Assemblies of All Pathotype Strains Reveal Three Genetically Distinct Clades.

The species comprises phytopathogenic bacteria that can cause serious damage to cereals and to forage grasses. So far, the genomic resources for were limited, which hindered further understanding of the host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level and the development of disease-resistant cultivars. To this end, we complemented the available complete genome sequence of the pv.

An atypical class of non-coding small RNAs is produced in rice leaves upon bacterial infection.

Non-coding small RNAs (sRNA) act as mediators of gene silencing and regulate plant growth, development and stress responses. Early insights into plant sRNAs established a role in antiviral defense and they are now extensively studied across plant-microbe interactions. Here, sRNA sequencing discovered a class of sRNA in rice (Oryza sativa) specifically associated with foliar diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria.

Improved bacterial leaf blight disease resistance in the major elite Vietnamese rice cultivar TBR225 via editing of the OsSWEET14 promoter.

TBR225 is one of the most popular commercial rice varieties in Northern Vietnam. However, this variety is highly susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BLB), a disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) which can lead to important yield losses.

Broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight in rice using genome editing.

Bacterial blight of rice is an important disease in Asia and Africa. The pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), secretes one or more of six known transcription-activator-like effectors (TALes) that bind specific promoter sequences and induce, at minimum, one of the three host sucrose transporter genes SWEET11, SWEET13 and SWEET14, the expression of which is required for disease susceptibility.

Characterization of New Races of pv. in Mali Informs Resistance Gene Deployment.

Bacterial leaf blight caused by pv. represents a severe threat to rice cultivation in Mali. Characterizing the pathotypic diversity of bacterial populations is key to the management of pathogen-resistant varieties.

Efficient enrichment cloning of TAL effector genes from .

Many plant-pathogenic xanthomonads use a type III secretion system to translocate Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors into eukaryotic host cells where they act as transcription factors. Target genes are induced upon binding of a TAL effector to double-stranded DNA in a sequence-specific manner. DNA binding is governed by a highly repetitive protein domain, which consists of an array of nearly identical repeats of ca.

Functional and Genome Sequence-Driven Characterization of Effector Gene Repertoires Reveals Novel Variants With Altered Specificities in Closely Related Malian pv. Strains.

Rice bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is caused by pv. () which injects Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) into the host cell to modulate the expression of target disease susceptibility genes. major-virulence TALEs universally target susceptibility genes of the SWEET sugar transporter family.

Functional analysis of African Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae TALomes reveals a new susceptibility gene in bacterial leaf blight of rice.

Most Xanthomonas species translocate Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors into plant cells where they function like plant transcription factors via a programmable DNA-binding domain. Characterized strains of rice pathogenic X. oryzae pv.

daTALbase: A Database for Genomic and Transcriptomic Data Related to TAL Effectors.

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are proteins found in the genus Xanthomonas of phytopathogenic bacteria. These proteins enter the nucleus of cells in the host plant and can induce the expression of susceptibility genes (S genes), triggering disease. TALEs bind the promoter region of S genes following a specific code, which allows the prediction of binding sites based on TALEs amino acid sequences.

Virus-Bacteria Rice Co-Infection in Africa: Field Estimation, Reciprocal Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Evolutionary Implications.

Simultaneous infection of a single plant by various pathogen species is increasingly recognized as an important modulator of host resistance and a driver of pathogen evolution. Because plants in agro-ecosystems are the target of a multitude of pathogenic microbes, co-infection could be frequent, and consequently important to consider. This is particularly true for rapidly intensifying crops, such as rice in Africa.

Targeted promoter editing for rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae reveals differential activities for SWEET14-inducing TAL effectors.

As a key virulence strategy to cause bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects into the plant cell DNA-binding proteins called transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to effector-binding elements (EBEs) in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in host gene induction. TALEs AvrXa7, PthXo3, TalC and Tal5, found in geographically distant Xoo strains, all target OsSWEET14, thus considered as a pivotal TALE target acting as major susceptibility factor during rice-Xoo interactions.

Draft Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis Pathotype Strain CFBP 2053.

Strains of Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis cause bacterial wilt on several forage grasses. A draft genome sequence of pathotype strain CFBP 2053 was generated to facilitate the discovery of new pathogenicity factors and to develop diagnostic tools for the species X.

QueTAL: a suite of tools to classify and compare TAL effectors functionally and phylogenetically.

Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors from Xanthomonas plant pathogenic bacteria can bind to the promoter region of plant genes and induce their expression. DNA-binding specificity is governed by a central domain made of nearly identical repeats, each determining the recognition of one base pair via two amino acid residues (a.k.

High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of the Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis Pathotype Strain CFBP 2541.

Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak on true grasses. The genome of the pathotype strain CFBP 2541 was sequenced in order to decipher mechanisms that provoke disease and to elucidate the role of transcription activator-like (TAL) type III effectors in pathogenicity.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Xanthomonas cassavae Type Strain CFBP 4642.

We report the draft genome sequence of the Xanthomonas cassavae type strain CFBP 4642, the causal agent of bacterial necrosis on cassava plants. These data will allow the comparison of this nonvascular pathogen with the vascular pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, both infecting the same host, which will facilitate the development of diagnostic tools.

High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum Strains.

We report high-quality draft genome sequences of two strains (race 18 and 20) of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum, the causal agent of bacterial blight of cotton. Comparative genomics will help to decipher mechanisms provoking disease and triggering defense responses and to develop new molecular tools for epidemiological surveillance.

An improved method for TAL effectors DNA-binding sites prediction reveals functional convergence in TAL repertoires of Xanthomonas oryzae strains.

Transcription Activators-Like Effectors (TALEs) belong to a family of virulence proteins from the Xanthomonas genus of bacterial plant pathogens that are translocated into the plant cell. In the nucleus, TALEs act as transcription factors inducing the expression of susceptibility genes. A code for TALE-DNA binding specificity and high-resolution three-dimensional structures of TALE-DNA complexes were recently reported.

Pseudomonas syringae type III effector repertoires: last words in endless arguments.

Many plant pathogens subvert host immunity by injecting compositionally diverse but functionally similar repertoires of cytoplasmic effector proteins. The bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a model for exploring the functional structure of such repertoires. The pangenome of P.