Knockdown of NFIC Promotes Bovine Myoblast Proliferation through the CENPF/CDK1 Axis.

As cellular transcription factors and DNA replicators, nuclear factor I (NFI) family members play an important role in mammalian development. However, there is still a lack of research on the muscle regeneration of NFI family members in cattle. In this study, the analysis of family factors was conducted on their characterization, phylogenetics, and functional domains.

Optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene knockout in chicken DF1 cells.

The editing efficiency primarily hinders the utility of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology in poultry. For a better understanding of the factors that influence the efficiency of gene knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in chicken DF1 cells, the single or dual single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeted exon regions of genes (taking anti-Müllerian hormone, TGF-beta receptor type-2 and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as examples) were designed. The sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 vectors with corresponding reporter vectors were transfected into DF1 cells.

Yolk precursor synthesis and deposition in hierarchical follicles and effect on egg production performance of hens.

Egg production of hens is related to ovarian follicles development. The hierarchical follicle development accompanies the deposition of a large amount of yolk precursor. The aim of this study was to illustrate the effects of strain and age on yolk deposition and egg production.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates follicle selection of hens by promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of granulosa cells in prehierarchical follicles in vitro.

During the reproduction stage of poultry, a single follicle is selected from a cohort of 6-8 mm small yellow follicles to initiate rapid growth and final ovulation almost daily. In the process, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a pivotal role by interacting with intraovarian factors, including insulin-like growth Factor 1 (IGF1). The objective of this study was to analyze whether IGF1 coordinates with FSH to affect the characteristics of granulosa cells from prehierarchical follicles.

Function of Chick Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue During the Embryonic and Posthatch Period.

Since excess abdominal fat is one of the main problems in the broiler industry for the development of modern broiler and layer industry, the importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue has been neglected. However, chick subcutaneous adipose tissue appeared earlier than abdominal adipose tissue and more than abdominal adipose tissue. Despite a wealth of data, detailed information is lacking about the development and function of chick subcutaneous adipose tissue during the embryonic and posthatch period.

Metabolic Regulations by lncRNA, miRNA, and ceRNA Under Grass-Fed and Grain-Fed Regimens in Angus Beef Cattle.

Beef cattle raised under grass-fed and grain-fed have many differences, including metabolic efficiency and meat quality. To investigate these two regimens' intrinsic influence on beef cattle, we used high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics analyses to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolimic networks in the liver. A total of 200 DEGs, 76 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and two differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were detected between regimen groups.

Identification of Key Pathways and Genes Related to the Development of Hair Follicle Cycle in Cashmere Goats.

The development of hair follicle in cashmere goats shows significant periodic change, as with mice and humans. However, for cashmere goat with double-coat, the periodic change may be due to other regulatory molecules and signal pathways. To understand the mechanism of periodic development of hair follicle, we performed a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to mine key genes and establish an interaction network by utilizing the NCBI public dataset.

Diet-induced changes in bacterial communities in the jejunum and their associations with bile acids in Angus beef cattle.

Background: The small intestine, while serving as the main absorption organ, also possesses a unique bacterial environment and holds the critical function of conversion of primary bile acids. Bile acids are, in turn, able to regulate bacterial composition and promote the growth of bacteria that convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. However, in beef cattle, few studies have explored the influence of diets on jejunal bacterial communities and examined its relationships with bile acids.

Identification of key genes and molecular mechanisms associated with low egg production of broiler breeder hens in ad libitum.

Background: Overfeeding reduces laying performance in broiler breeder hens, which is associated with obesity, hepatic steatosis and systemic inflammation. To unravel the underlying mechanisms governing the effect of feeding regimes on energy metabolism and egg production, a transcriptomics approach was carried out for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ovary, liver and adipose tissues of broiler chickens under ad libitum and restricted feeding.

Results: It showed that 289, 388 and 204 DEGs were identified in the adipose, liver and ovary, respectively.

Genetic Architecture and Selection of Chinese Cattle Revealed by Whole Genome Resequencing.

The bovine genetic resources in China are diverse, but their value and potential are yet to be discovered. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese cattle, we analyzed the whole genomes of 46 cattle from six phenotypically and geographically representative Chinese cattle breeds, together with 18 Red Angus cattle genomes, 11 Japanese black cattle genomes and taurine and indicine genomes available from previous studies. Our results showed that Chinese cattle originated from hybridization between Bos taurus and Bos indicus.

Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Unraveling Transcriptional Regulation of High-Altitude Adaptation of Tibetan Pig.

Tibetan pigs have survived at high altitude for millennia and they have a suite of adaptive features to tolerate the hypoxic environment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of hypoxia-adaptive phenotypes have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological pathways and constructed co-expression regulation networks using whole-transcriptome microarrays from lung tissues of Tibetan and Duroc pigs both at high and low altitude.

Changes of proteoglycan and collagen II of the adjacent intervertebral disc in the cervical instability models.

Objective: Post-operation of cervical decompression fusion and internal fixation (CDF) accelerated adjacent segment disc degeneration (ASD). It is not clear that whether instability of one single segmental accelerates the degeneration of adjacent segment disc. This study aims to explore the effect of cervical instability on the change of morphology and biochemistry in adjective segment (above) in the L5/6 cervical instability rabbit models.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Xinong Saanen dairy goat (Capra hircus).

Xinong Saanen dairy goat (Capra hircus), a breed distributed widely and adapted highly in China, has the characteristics of high milk production and high litter size. Our research revealed that the complete mitochondrial genome of Xinong Saanen dairy goat was 16,639 bp in length. The contents of A, C, G and T in the mitochondrial genome were 33.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Shaannan White goat (Capra hircus).

The Shaannan White goat (Capra hircus), a breed native to China, has the characteristics of high fecundity and white fur. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome and found its length to be 16,641 bp with the base composition of 33.5% A, 26.