Application of antimicrobial peptides in the poultry industry.

Poultry meat production and exportation contribute significantly to the global economy. However, various infections affect poultry production and consequently affect the economy. Nowadays, antibiotics are widely used in infection treatment and prevention.

Biomechanical factors associated with patellofemoral pain in children and adolescents.

To investigate the biomechanical factors associated with patellofemoral pain in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Brazil from 2019 to 2023, involving students from public schools. Adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the outcome in relation to independent variables were calculated for association analysis, adopting a significance level of 5%.

Exploring a De Novo Route to Bradyrhizose: Synthesis and Isomeric Equilibrium of Bradyrhizose Diastereomers.

A de novo asymmetric strategy for the synthesis of d-bradyrhizose diastereomers from an achiral ketoenolester precursor is described. Key transformations used in the stereodivergent approach include two Noyori asymmetric reductions, an Achmatowicz rearrangement, diastereoselective alkene oxidations, and the first example of a palladium(0)-catalyzed glycosylation of a vinylogous pyranone. The isomeric composition of the bicyclic reducing sugars obtained was analyzed and their behaviour was compared to the natural product, revealing key stereocentres that impact the overall distribution.

Finishing technique effect on strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two finishing techniques, glazing or polishing, in comparison with the as-cut condition, on the biaxial-flexural-strength (BFS) of a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (ZLS). Cylinders were milled from CAD/CAM blocks and sliced to obtain disc-shaped specimens (ISO6872:2015). Polished and glazed specimens were processed following the manufacturer's instructions.

Exploring Life History Choices: Using Temperature and Substrate Type as Interacting Factors for Blowfly Larval and Female Preferences.

Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) present a wide range of larval lifestyles, typically classified as obligate parasitism, facultative parasitism, and complete sapro-necrophagy. Several parasitic species, both obligate and facultative, are considered to be of sanitary and economic importance, as their larvae can cause myiasis (maggot infestation in live tissue). However, it is noteworthy that the adult female plays a decisive role as she chooses the oviposition site, and, therefore, largely determines the feeding habit and developmental conditions of the larvae.

Palliative care interventions for patients with head and neck cancer: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: A head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis significantly impacts a patient's quality of life (QOL). Palliative care potentially improves their QOL. We will conduct a scoping review to identify existing knowledge about palliative care interventions for patients with HNC.

Effects of two oral electrolyte solutions in healthy newborn lambs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two oral electrolyte solutions (OES), commercialized for the hydration of calves, on the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of newborn lambs. Twenty healthy crossbred Santa Inês lambs, 10 days old, 4-5 kg of body weight (BW), and fed on mother's milk, were included. The OES tested were slightly hyposmolar (OES 1: 279 mOsm/L; and OES 2: 283 mOsm/L) and had an alkalizing potential with an effective strong ion difference (SID) of 76 mmol/L (OES 1) and 58 mmol/L (OES 2).

Delivering Palliative and Supportive Care for Older Adults with Cancer: Interactions between Palliative Medicine and Geriatrics.

The world's population is aging rapidly, with projections indicating that by 2050 one in six people will be aged ≥65 years. As a result, the number of cancer cases in older people is expected to increase significantly. Palliative care is an essential component of cancer care with a direct impact on quality of life.

Effects of Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a systemic inflammatory state. We assessed the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in individuals with CKD. An electronic search was conducted, including MEDLINE.

The universal Sua5/TsaC family evolved different mechanisms for the synthesis of a key tRNA modification.

TsaC/Sua5 family of enzymes catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of N6-threonyl-carbamoyl adenosine (tA) one of few truly ubiquitous tRNA modifications important for translation accuracy. TsaC is a single domain protein while Sua5 proteins contains a TsaC-like domain and an additional SUA5 domain of unknown function. The emergence of these two proteins and their respective mechanisms for tA synthesis remain poorly understood.

Dry mass photometry of single bacteria using quantitative wavefront microscopy.

Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) represents a noninvasive alternative to fluorescence microscopy for cell observation with high contrast and for the quantitative measurement of dry mass (DM) and growth rate at the single-cell level. While DM measurements using QPM have been widely conducted on mammalian cells, bacteria have been less investigated, presumably due to the high resolution and high sensitivity required by their smaller size. This article demonstrates the use of cross-grating wavefront microscopy, a high-resolution and high-sensitivity QPM, for accurate DM measurement and monitoring of single microorganisms (bacteria and archaea).

Intradialytic resistance training for short daily hemodialysis patients as part of the clinical routine: a quasi-experimental study.

Hemodialysis patients have chronic systemic inflammation, musculoskeletal impairments, and body composition changes from several factors and exercise may attenuate. We evaluated the effects of an intradialytic resistance training program on body composition, physical function, and inflammatory markers in patients under short daily hemodialysis treatment. A quasi-experimental study in clinical routine was conducted over eight months.

Dietary interventions using Facebook: a systematic review.

Introduction: Facebook has been used to change food behaviors. The aim of this review was to synthesize the knowledge about the effect of nutritional interventions delivered through Facebook in dietary intake, food and nutritional knowledge and behavior, and weight management.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched for intervention studies that were published from 2013 to 2019.

Enteral hydration in cows: Comparison between continuous flow and bolus administration.

Background: Enteral hydration in cattle is most commonly performed as a bolus (B) via the ororuminal route, although continuous flow (CF) administration via the nasoesophageal route represents a viable alternative. Currently, no study has compared the effectiveness of these two methods. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of enteral hydration using CF and B to correct water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances in cows.

Polypill use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: A position paper.

Cardiovascular (CV) guidelines stress the need for global intervention to manage risk factors and reduce the risk of major vascular events. Growing evidence supports the use of polypill as a strategy to prevent cerebral and cardiovascular disease, however it is still underused in clinical practice. This paper presents an expert consensus aimed to summarize the data regarding polypill use.

Biomaterials Based on Organic Polymers and Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposites: Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering.

The development of biomaterials has a substantial role in pharmaceutical and medical strategies for the enhancement of life quality. This review work focused on versatile biomaterials based on nanocomposites comprising organic polymers and a class of layered inorganic nanoparticles, aiming for drug delivery (oral, transdermal, and ocular delivery) and tissue engineering (skin and bone therapies). Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are 2D nanomaterials that can intercalate anionic bioactive species between the layers.

A paralog of Pcc1 is the fifth core subunit of the KEOPS tRNA-modifying complex in Archaea.

In Archaea and Eukaryotes, the synthesis of a universal tRNA modification, N-threonyl-carbamoyl adenosine (tA), is catalyzed by the KEOPS complex composed of Kae1, Bud32, Cgi121, and Pcc1. A fifth subunit, Gon7, is found only in Fungi and Metazoa. Here, we identify and characterize a fifth KEOPS subunit in Archaea.

Reproductive Desire in Women Living with HIV/AIDS with Serodiscordant Partners.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with reproductive desire in a sample of women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) with serodiscordant partners.

Study Design: Between September 2015 and August 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 WLHA from HIV/AIDS treatment services and non-governmental organizations. An interview was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, reproductive desire, and potential predictor variables.

Zinc(II) complexes bearing N,N,S ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking and biological investigations about its antifungal activity.

In the present work, the synthesis, characterization, antifungal activity, molecular docking study and in silico approach of five thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their corresponding zinc(II) complexes are described. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopic measurements, molar conductivity measurements, emission spectra, high-resolution mass spectrometry and X ray study. The antifungal activity of the free ligands and synthesized compounds was preliminarily evaluated against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 13803) and Candida glabrata (ATCC 2001), by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay.

Life at high temperature observed in vitro upon laser heating of gold nanoparticles.

Thermophiles are microorganisms that thrive at high temperature. Studying them can provide valuable information on how life has adapted to extreme conditions. However, high temperature conditions are difficult to achieve on conventional optical microscopes.

Expanded Dataset Reveals the Emergence and Evolution of DNA Gyrase in Archaea.

DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase with the unique capacity to introduce negative supercoiling in DNA. In bacteria, DNA gyrase has an essential role in the homeostatic regulation of supercoiling. While ubiquitous in bacteria, DNA gyrase was previously reported to have a patchy distribution in Archaea but its emergent function and evolutionary history in this domain of life remains elusive.

Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Evaluation of a Phytochemical Intercalated into Layered Double Hydroxide.

Coumaric acid (CouH), an antioxidant molecule assimilated by food consumption, was intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarrier, having zinc and aluminium ions in the layers (LDH-Cou), to evaluate its pharmacological activity through in vitro and in vivo assays in mice. Therefore, the following tests were performed: coumarate delivery in saline solution, fibroblasts’ cell viability using neutral red, peritonitis induced by carrageenan, formalin test, acetic-acid-induced writhing, and tail-flick assay, for the non-intercalated CouH and the intercalated LDH-Cou system. Furthermore, different pharmacological pathways were also investigated to evaluate their possible anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive mechanisms of action, in comparison to traditionally used agents (morphine, naloxone, caffeine, and indomethacin).

Implementing a resistance training programme for patients on short daily haemodialysis: A feasibility study.

Background: Kidney failure patients receiving haemodialysis experience protein-energy wasting, muscle mass loss and physical function impairment. Intradialytic exercise interventions seem to modify these features, but they are often not implemented as a clinical routine.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of implementing a supervised intradialytic resistance training programme as a clinical routine for patients receiving short daily haemodialysis.