Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of L-arginine Administration After Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats.

Aim: To investigate the effect of fluid resuscitation and L-arginine administration on oxidant status markers, blood gases, lactate and apoptosis in the brain tissue of a rat model of TBI with hemorrhagic shock.

Material And Methods: A total of 60 rats were divided into six groups: control, isotonic saline-treated, 7.5% NaCl-treated (hypertonic saline), L-arginine-treated (100 mg/kg), saline + L-arginine-treated and 7.

The usefulness of the percentage of immature granulocytes in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is an important health problem with a potentially life threatening course. Measurement of immature granulocytes percentage (IG %), reflecting the fraction of circulating immature granulocyte (IG), is associated with increased mortality in patients with systemic inflammation, or distress. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the IG% is an effective predictive marker for estimating the in-hospital mortality for patients with UGIB admitting to the emergency department (ED).

Nucleated red blood cells as predictor of all-cause mortality in emergency department.

Bacground: Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are immature erythrocytes that are not normally detected in the blood of healthy adults. The detection of these cells in peripheral blood is associated with increased mortality and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NRBCs predict for all causes of death in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

The prognostic value of immature granulocyte in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas. It can range from mild forms to life-threatening severe cases. There is not yet a marker that can detect severe cases in the early period.

Emergency department presentation of hemoptysis due to nail gun injury.

Nail guns are cheap and easy-to-access devices that are common in the industry and personal use and are widely used by untrained people. Life-threatening injuries may occur after a self-accident due to the use of these devices. We report the case of a 47-year-old man who had hemoptysis due to a lung parenchymal injury after nail gun use.

Mean platelet volume and the ratio of mean platelet volume to platelet count in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Background: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an inflammatory marker. Recent studies have shown that there is a negative correlation between platelet count (PC) and MPV and that the ratio of these two values may be more meaningful. The aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic value of MPV and the MPV/PC ratio in acute appendicitis.

Retrospective analysis of whole-body multislice computed tomography findings taken in trauma patients.

Objectives: Using whole-body multislice computed tomography (MSCT) excessively or with irrelevant indications can be seen in many centers. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the MSCT findings in trauma patients admitted to the emergency department.

Methods: Records of the patients who have applied to the emergency department due to blunt trauma in a 12 month period and whose whole body MSCT images have been taken, were evaluated using the "Nucleus Medical Information System".

[Predictive calue of leucocyte count, neutrophil percent and C-reactive protein concentration "cut-off value" on the diagnosis of appendicitis].

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the predictive importance of cut-off levels of preoperative WBC, neutrophil and CRP concentrations in operated appendicitis patients.

Methods: Patients operated for acute appendicitis between January 2008 and November 2010 were retrospectively screened. Patients were divided into three groups according to postoperative histopathology.

Validity of modified early warning, Glasgow Blatchford, and pre-endoscopic Rockall scores in predicting prognosis of patients presenting to emergency department with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: GBS, MEWS, and PER scoring systems are not commonly used for patients presenting to emergency department with GIS bleeding. This study aimed to determine the value of MEWS, GBS, and PER scores in predicting bleeding at follow-up, endoscopic therapy and blood transfusion need, mortality, and rebleeding within a 1-month period.

Methods: A total of 202 consecutive patients with upper GIS bleeding between July 2013 and November 2014 were prospectively enrolled in the study.

MPV and other inflammatory markers in diagnosing acute appendicitis.

Objective: To investigate whether mean platelet volume can be used as an inflammatory marker for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and to determine the role, if any, of white blood cell count, C-reactive protein and neutrophil count in this regard.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Mersin University (MEU) Health Research and Application Center, Emergency Department, Mersin, Turkey, and included medical record of patients having gone appendectomy between April 2012 to July 2013. Based on pathology examination, the cases were grouped as uncomplicated, complicated, and non-appendicitis cases.

Assessment of the relation of violence and burnout among physicians working in the emergency departments in Turkey.

Background: Violence and burnout are frequently seen among medical doctors; however, the relation is not clear. This study aimed to assess the violence and its possible effects on burnout in physicians working in emergency units.

Methods: This cross-sectional study targeted all physicians working in the emergency units of Pamukkale University Hospital, County and City Hospitals, 112 Emergency Services, and Private Hospitals in Denizli.

[Misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism and causes].

Introduction: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is not only one of the prevelant diseases with a high mortality risk but also has a high ratio of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In this study, it was aimed to determine the demographical characteristics, risk factors, clinical and laboratory findings of the patients that were diagnosed as PTE at their first hospital visit and of the PE patients who were misdiagnosed at their first admission. We aimed to investigate the factors which can leads to misdiagnosis of PE, and to determine the ways to avoid misdiagnosis.

Lingual angioedema after alteplase treatment in a patient with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: In recent years, thrombolytic therapy has become the main treatment of ischemic stroke. But the increasing use of alteplase in ischemic stroke has made some complications more evident. Angioedema is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of alteplase treatment.

Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted to the emergency medicine.

Background: We aimed herein to assess demographic, etiological, and clinical characteristics of patients presenting to our hospital's emergency department with acute poisoning.

Method: This study included a total of 509 (0.27%) patients diagnosed with poisoning at our emergency department within a 3-year period.

Determining risk factors of bleeding in patients on warfarin treatment.

Background. Warfarin is a commonly used oral anticoagulant agent. The most common adverse effects of warfarin are bleeding complications.

[Investigation of the presence of human metapneumovirus in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma and its relationship with the attacks].

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), an enveloped RNA virus classified in Paramyxoviridae family, was first characterized in 2001 from children with acute respiratory tract infection. Recent studies have suggested hMPV to play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma attacks. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of hMPV in patients with COPD and asthma, its effects on the severity of the attacks and the relationship between demographical and clinical factors.

A comparison of the prophylactic uses of topical mupirocin and nitrofurazone in murine crush contaminated wounds.

Objectives: This work was conducted to study the prophylactic efficacy of 2 topical antibiotic ointments (mupirocin and nitrofurazone) against wound infection in experimental contaminated crush wounds.

Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent two 2-cm incisions at the back side and randomized into 3 groups--placebo (n = 14), mupirocin (n = 14), and nitrofurazone (n = 14)--and infected with either Staphylococcus aureus or S. pyogenes.

Sudden painless visual loss after initiation of antihypertensive therapy: case report.

Sudden, painless visual loss occurs in retinal disorders that stem from primary ocular as well as systemic diseases. Vascular insufficiency is one of the leading causes of sudden painless unilateral loss of vision. Early recognition of ischemic optic neuropathy, and rapid correction of hypotension, might improve the recovery from ischemic optic neuropathy.

Intravenous administration of metoclopramide by 2 min bolus vs 15 min infusion: does it affect the improvement of headache while reducing the side effects?

Objective: To determine the therapeutic effect (alleviation of vascular type headache) and side effects of a slow intravenous metoclopramide infusion over 15 min compared with those effects of a bolus intravenous metoclopramide infusion over 2 min in the treatment of patients with recent onset vascular type headache.

Material And Methods: All adults treated with metoclopramide for vascular type headache were eligible for entry into this clinical randomised double blinded trial. This study compared the effects of two different rates of intravenous infusion of metoclopramide over a period of 13 months at a university hospital emergency department.

Midazolam vs. diphenhydramine for the treatment of metoclopramide-induced akathisia: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of midazolam, which is a fast and short-acting benzodiazepine, and diphenhydramine, which is a widely used anticholinergic agent, in clinical practice for the treatment of metoclopramide-induced akathisia.

Methods: All adults older than 17 years given metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting or for headache and who had akathisia were eligible for this clinical, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients were randomized to receive diphenhydramine or midazolam.

Factors influencing emergency department arrival time and in-hospital management of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Reperfusion of the infarct-related artery in the very first hour ("golden hour") of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) significantly reduces mortality rates. Several factors may delay the initiation of reperfusion therapy (ie, thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PCTA]), most of which are related to patients. A total of 520 patients with suspected AMI were evaluated in the emergency department of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital between March 1996 and October 1999.

Red flag in the emergency department: fracture and primary failure of a prosthetic valve.

This case report concerns a patient with fracture and primary dysfunction of a prosthetic valve. A 40-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a chief complaint of breakthrough pleuritic back pain and shortness of breath. Past surgical history was significant only for an aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement performed 16 years prior.

A model of standardized training in basic life support skills of emergency medicine residents.

This intervention study was designed to determine the current level of basic life support knowledge and skills of residents in a university-based emergency medicine residency program, and to investigate the potential benefit derived by these residents from a standardized theoretical and practical training session. All residents underwent tests before and after the training session. The residents were asked to perform basic life support on a recording cardiopulmonary resuscitation mannequin.