The Chinese giant salamander exemplifies the hidden extinction of cryptic species.

Overexploitation, habitat destruction, human-driven climate change and disease spread are resulting in the extinction of innumerable species, with amphibians being hit harder than most other groups [1]. Few species of amphibians are widespread, and those that are often represent complexes of multiple cryptic species. This is especially true for range-restricted salamanders [2].

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of adaptive response in the regenerating limb of the Cynops orientalis newt.

The newt has the powerful capacity to regenerate lost limbs following amputation, and represents an excellent model organism to study regenerative processes. However, the molecular basis of the adaptive response in the regenerating limb of the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis immediately after amputation remains unclear. To better understand the adaptive response immediately after limb amputation at the protein level, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with LC-MS/MS methods to analyze changes in the proteome of the regenerating newt limb that occurred 2 h and 8 h after amputation.

[Effect of autophagy on liver regeneration].

Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway, which plays an important role in hepatic physiological and pathological processes, in eukaryotic cells. The liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity. After acute or chronic injury, the residual hepatic cells can be activated to enter the cell-cycle for proliferation, in order to compensate for lost liver tissue and recover liver function.

Proteomic analysis of the regenerating liver following 2/3 partial hepatectomy in rats.

Background: Liver regeneration (LR) after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) is one of the most studied models of cell, organ, and tissue regeneration. Although the transcriptional profile analysis of regenerating liver has been carried out by many reserachers, the dynamic protein expression profile during LR has been rarely reported up to date. Therefore, this study aims to detect the global proteomic profile of the regenerating rat liver following 2/3 hepatectomy, thereby gaining some insights into hepatic regeneration mechanism.

[Characterization and identification of functional elements in non-coding DNA sequences].

The non-coding DNA sequences refer to non-protein-coding DNA sequences in genome. These sequences can bind with transcription factors or be transcribed as functional RNAs, thus participating in the regulation of many physiological activities and pathological processes. Aiming at gene expression regulation, this review focuses on the recent progress of non-coding DNA and illustrates their structures, functions and potential acting mechanisms.

The role of Kupffer cells in rat liver regeneration revealed by cell-specific microarray analysis.

Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy is a process with various types of cells involved. The role of Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver regeneration is still controversial. In this study we isolated KCs from regenerating liver and conducted cell-specific microarray analysis.

Alterations in DNA repair gene expression and their possible regulation in rat-liver regeneration.

Rapidly proliferating tissue may require enhanced DNA repair capacity in order to avoid fixation of promutagenic DNA lesions to mutations. Partial hepatectomy (PH) triggers cell proliferation during liver regeneration (LR). However, little is known on how DNA repair genes change and how they are regulated at the transcriptional level during LR.

The number of the genes in a functional category matters during rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) is a good model to study the regulation of cell proliferation. We isolated hepatocytes from regenerating liver at different time points after PH and used microarray Rat Genome 230 2.0 chip to analyze the functional profiles of all up- or down-regulated genes manually and with automatic gene ontological tools.

Fusion of core pathways reveals a horizontal synergistic mechanism underlying combination therapy.

Combination therapies have recently been shown to be more effective than monotherapies that may provide synergistic effects in the treatment of stroke, but its selective mechanism still remains unclear. Based on the median-effect method, the combination therapy of jasminoidin and ursodeoxycholic acid had a synergic effect on reducing the infarct volume. The numbers of up- or down-regulated genes by at least 1.

Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor: More than a trypsin inhibitor.

Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor is one of the most important and widely distributed protease inhibitor families. Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), also known as serine protease inhibitor Kazal type I(SPINK1), binds rapidly to trypsin, inhibits its activity and is likely to protect the pancreas from prematurely activated trypsinogen. Therefore, it is an important factor in the onset of pancreatitis.

[Three novel genes BM390716, BI274487 and AA963863 involed in extracellular matrix metabolism of eight rat regenerating liver cell types].

To explore the roles of three novel genes BM390716, BI274487 and AA963863 and the correlation between them during liver regeneration of rats, eight kinds of liver cells were isolated using the combined percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic bead method. Rat genome 230 2.0 array was used to detect the changes in expression of genes involved in metabolism of extracellular matrix and the novel genes in rat genome.

Analysis of time-course gene expression profiles of sinusoidal endothelial cells during liver regeneration in rats.

Liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) requires the coordinate contribution of different cell types. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), representing the largest population of nonparenchymal cells, are proven to be crucial in LR. However, the details about their implications in regeneration are not still clear.

[Transcriptome atlas of serine family amino acid metabolism-related genes in eight rat regenerating liver cell types.].

To explore the transcription profiles of serine family amino acid metabolism-related genes in eight liver cell types during rat liver regeneration (LR), eight types of rat regenerating liver cells were isolated using the combination of percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic bead methods. Then, the expression profiles of the genes associated with metabolism of serine family amino acid in rat liver regeneration were detected by Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array.

Transcriptome atlas of aromatic amino acid family metabolism-related genes in eight liver cell types uncovers the corresponding metabolic pathways in rat liver regeneration.

To explore gene expression of aromatic amino acid family metabolism and their metabolic pathways of eight liver cell types in rat liver regeneration, eight kinds of rat regenerating liver cells were isolated by using the combination of percoll density gradient centrifugation and immunomagnetic bead methods. Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array was used to detect the expression changes of genes associated with aromatic amino acid family metabolism.

Reference gene selection for real-time RT-PCR in eight kinds of rat regenerating hepatic cells.

Liver regeneration (LR) is a process during which the liver recovers its mass and function after damage due to various causes such as partial hepatectomy (PH). It involves a sequence of well-orchestrated changes in physiological and biochemical activities, especially in the gene expression profile in a variety of liver cells. In order to produce reliable gene expression of target genes in eight kinds of rat hepatic cells during LR, the determination of internal control housekeeping genes (HKGs) is required.

Study on correlation of signal molecule genes and their receptor-associated genes with rat liver regeneration.

To investigate the effect of signal molecules and their receptor-associated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR) at the transcriptional level, the associated genes were originally obtained by retrieving the databases and related scientific publications; their expression profiles in rat LR were then checked using the Rat Genome 230 2.0 microarray. The LR-associated genes were identified by comparing gene expression difference between partial hepatectomy groups and operation-control groups.

Antitumor effects of a selenium heteropoly complex in K562 cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of the selenium heteropoly compound (C(2)H(10)N(2))(5)(NH(4))(4)H(2)[Se(2)W(10)V(8)O(62)].9H(2)O (SeWV) in K562 cells. The results showed that 0.

Possible regulation of genes associated with intracellular signaling cascade in rat liver regeneration.

Objective: The importance of signal transduction in cell activities has been generally accepted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the regulatory effect of intracellular signaling cascade-associated genes on rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level.

Material And Methods: The associated genes were originally obtained through a search of the databases and related scientific publications; their expression profiles were then checked in rat LR using the Rat Genome 230 2.

The expression changes of genes associated with protein metabolism, folding, transport, localizati on and assembly during rat liver regeneration.

To study the expression and function of protein metabolism, folding, transport, localization and assembly-associated genes in rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level, we obtained above genes from databases and scientific articles, detected their expression profiles in rat LR using Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, and determined liver regeneration-associated genes by comparing the partial hepatectomy (PH) group with sham operation (SO) group. Totally 1147 genes were preliminarily confirmed to be LR-associated.

[Expression profiles of the extracellular matrix-associated genes during rat liver regeneration].

It has been well known that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cell polarization, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, morphogenesis and differentiation. For the sake of the further in-depth investigation of the changes and actions of ECM in liver regeneration (LR) at gene transcriptional level, the ECM-associated genes were obtained by databases searching and literature retrieving, subsequently their expression profiles in rat regenerating liver were detected using Rat Genome 230 2.0 array, then LR-associated genes were identified based on comparison of the gene expression difference between sham operation (SO) group and partial hepatectomy (PH) group.

Expression profiles of the genes associated with the myocyte differentiation during rat liver regeneration.

Myocytes are important parts of tissues and organs. To study the effects of myocyte differentiation-related genes on rat liver regeneration (LR) at transcriptional level, we obtained these genes through collecting the database data and retrieving the pertinent thesis, and detected the expression profiles of above-mentioned genes during LR using the Rat Genome 230 2.0 array.

Expression profiles of the genes related to adipocyte differentiation in the rat regenerating liver.

To investigate the action of adipocyte differentiation-related genes during rat liver regeneration at transcriptional level, these genes were obtained by means of collection of the database data and retrieval of the related theses. The Rat Genome 230 2.0 array was used to inspect the expression changes of them in rat regenerating livers.

Correlation analysis of liver tumor-associated genes with liver regeneration.

Aim: To study at transcriptional level the similarities and differences of the physiological and biochemical activities between liver tumor (LT) and regenerating liver cells.

Methods: LT-associated genes and their expression changes in LT were obtained from databases and scientific articles, and their expression profiles in rat liver regeneration (LR) were detected using Rat Genome 230 2.0 array.