Stressful experiences in children and adolescents: initial report from the PSEI-NCPV Honolulu Study.

As part of a federal study on the biology of stress and resilience, a comprehensive, structured stress-history interview (PSEI-NCPV) was administered to 307 participants recruited in Honolulu. A moderate correlation between childhood stress and current depression was found. A relatively high rate of "severe bullying/hazing," and a high mean stress-intensity rating for "blood-drawing induced anxiety" call for further research.

Rotylenchulus reniformis Management in Cotton with Crop Rotation.

One-year crop rotations with corn or highly resistant soybean were evaluated at four locations for their effect on Rotylenchulus reniformis population levels and yield of a subsequent cotton crop. Four nematicide (aldicarb) regimes were included at two of the locations, and rotation with reniform-susceptible soybean was included at the other two locations. One-year rotations to corn or resistant soybean resulted in lower R.

Bone-related genes expressed in advanced malignancies induce invasion and metastasis in a genetically defined human cancer model.

We employed a genetically defined human cancer model to investigate the contributions of two genes up-regulated in several cancers to phenotypic changes associated with late stages of tumorigenesis. Specifically, tumor cells expressing two structurally unrelated bone-related genes, osteonectin and osteoactivin, acquired a highly invasive phenotype when implanted intracranially in immunocompromised mice. Mimicking a subset of gliomas, tumor cells invaded brain along blood vessels and developed altered vasculature at the brain-tumor interface, suggesting that production of those two proteins by tumor cells may create a complex relationship between invading tumor and vasculature co-opted during tumor invasion.

Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic biopsy in the evaluation of recurrent malignant astrocytoma compared with a lesion due to radiation effect.

Object: The prognostic value of differentiating between recurrent malignant glioma and a lesion due to radiation effect by performing stereotactic biopsy has not been assessed. Thus, this study was undertaken to determine such value.

Methods: Between 1995 and 2001, 114 patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided stereotactic biopsy to differentiate lesions caused by a recurrence of malignant astrocytoma and by radiation effect.

Biphasic malignant meningioma: a comparative genomic hybridization study.

To ascertain if a carcinoma-like component within a fibroblastic meningioma represented a metastatic carcinoma to a meningioma or malignant progression, we employed traditional immunohistochemical methods as well as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) which compares chromosomal alterations. Vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen were strongly immunoreactive in both the fibroblastic and carcinoma-like components. The CGH profile in both components had similar chromosomal alterations, including losses of 1p, 14, 16p13-->p10 and 22.

Clinical trials of acupuncture: consensus recommendations for optimal treatment, sham controls and blinding.

Evidence of effectiveness is increasingly used to determine which health technologies are incorporated into public health provision. Acupuncture is a popular therapy that has been shown to be superior to placebo in the treatment of nausea and dental pain, and promising for migraine and osteoarthritis of the knee. For many other conditions, such as chronic pain, in which acupuncture is often used, the evidence is either insufficient or negative.

TaqMan junction probes and the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: detection of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor.

The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides a technique to diagnose a group of sarcomas and small round cell tumors that contain specific chromosomal translocations and chimeric gene fusion products. We adapted real-time qualitative RT-PCR to utilize dual-labeled, fluorogenic, TaqMan probes, which hybridize to targets that overlap the junction of the chimeric gene fusions in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS), synovial sarcoma (SS), and desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT). Assays were confirmed on cell lines and tissue samples; appropriate negative amplification assays were obtained when each tumor-specific probe and primer set was used on different neoplasms and cell lines that were not expected to harbor the specific translocations and chimeric gene fusions.

Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics.

Purpose: To determine if water diffusivity within lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas correlates with cellularity.

Materials And Methods: Echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 11 patients with brain lymphomas (19 lesions) and in 17 patients with astrocytomas (19 lesions) were retrospectively reviewed. Regions of interest were drawn on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in enhancing tumor.

Influence of Timing of Harvest in Relation to Haulm Killing and Planting Date on Potato Tuber Rot Caused by Phytophthora infestans.

Killing potato haulms 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvesting tubers is recommended for the management of potato late blight to eliminate the foliage as a source of tuber blight inoculum. Some potato growers in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon, however, harvest tubers within days of killing potato haulms or harvest tubers without killing potato haulms. The susceptibility of potato tubers harvested from green haulms to late blight is unknown.

Description of a combined internal medicine-pediatrics continuity clinic for combined program residents.

Background: We sought to examine the ambulatory experience in our medicine-pediatrics clinic.

Methods: Data on patient visits were abstracted from the hospital's clinic utilization summary and charge sheets. A survey assessed resident satisfaction.

Endodermal cyst of the oculomotor nerve.

Endodermal cysts are rare congenital intracranial lesions. Although histologically benign, they can become symptomatic as a result of mass effect and cause neurological deficits. We report a 30-year-old woman who presented with paresis of her right oculomotor nerve.

Dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

To investigate similarities and differences between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), we undertook a demographic analysis of 277 patients from the Kathleen Price Bryan Brain Bank with an antemortem diagnosis of probable AD. Patients with additional, possibly confounding clinical and pathologic diagnoses such as infarcts, hematomas, neoplasms, and other neurodegenerative disorders, were excluded from the analysis. Neuropathologically, AD alone was present in 192 subjects (69%), and DLB was found in 85 subjects (31%).

Histologic evaluation of fetal brains following maternal pneumoperitoneum.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if maternal pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide (CO2) produces evidence of central nervous system (CNS) injury in preterm fetal guinea pigs.

Methods: Thirty pregnant guinea pigs at gestational day (GD) 45 were assigned at random to one of three treatment groups: anesthesia only, CO2 pneumoperitoneum (5 mmHg), or laparotomy. Dams were killed 3 or 5 days postprocedure and fetal brains (83 total) harvested and fixed for subsequent histopathologic evaluation.

Recovery and expression of messenger RNA from postmortem human brain tissue.

The Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Rapid Autopsy Program at Duke University Medical Center obtains postmortem human brain tissue for experimental investigations. We evaluated 19 brains for RNA integrity and mRNA gene expression. Nine were from patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and ten were from nondemented controls.

CD34 and dural fibroblasts: the relationship to solitary fibrous tumor and meningioma.

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are typically dural-based, CD34-positive neoplasms of uncertain histogenesis. We examined ten cases of meninges obtained at autopsy from patients with no history of neurological illness, head trauma, or neurosurgical intervention, and ten cases of typical meningiomas with attached dural margins not involved by tumor. All cases were immunostained with CD34.

Needling therapies in the management of myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review.

Objective: To establish whether there is evidence for or against the efficacy of needling as a treatment approach for myofascial trigger point pain.

Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, AMED, and CISCOM databases, searched from inception to July 999.

Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials in which some form of needling therapy was used to treat myofascial pain.

March 2000: A 16 year old female with a cerebellar mass.

The March COM: A 16 year old female presented with headaches and cerebellar dysfunction. MR images showed a mass lesion of the right cerebellar hemisphere with mass effect on the medulla. The mass exhibited a striated pattern of alternating isointense and hypointense zones on T1-weighted images that did not contrast enhance.

Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of medulloblastoma metastatic to the pelvis.

A 25-yr-old male presented with a cerebellar mass, underwent a suboccipital craniotomy, and was diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Six months later he developed a large mass in the right iliac crest. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic medulloblastoma.

Ham56-immunoreactive macrophages in untreated infiltrating gliomas.

Context: Classic diagnostic neuropathologic teachings have cautioned against making the diagnosis of neoplasia in the presence of a macrophage population. The knowledge of macrophage distribution should prove useful when confronted with an infiltrating glioma containing macrophages.

Objective: To identify macrophages in untreated, infiltrating gliomas using the monoclonal antibody HAM56, and to confirm their presence in an untreated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method.

Effects of the ionophore anticoccidial semduramicin on broiler breeders.

Three experiments were conducted to assess the effects on broiler breeders of contamination of feed with the ionophore anticoccidial semduramicin. In Experiment 1, individually caged females received 0, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg diet for 3 wk from 48 to 50 wk of age.

Study of two cohorts of workers exposed to methyl methacrylate in acrylic sheet production.

Objectives: To study mortality among 4324 workers at two United Kingdom factories, Darwen, Lancashire and Wilton, Cleveland, producing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet. The Darwen factory is still active, but the Wilton one was closed in 1970. Also, to investigate patterns of mortality after exposure to methyl methacrylate; in particular, mortality from colon and rectal cancer.