A multi-site repeated prevalence study of medicine shortages in community pharmacies.

Background: Medicine shortages are a global problem. Prior studies have focused on hospitals, and staff views, with less information on community practice. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of medicine shortages in community pharmacies and potential impact on patients.

Pericyte ablation causes hypoactivity and reactive gliosis in adult mice.

Capillary pericytes are important regulators of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation, but can become lost or dysfunctional in disease. The consequences of pericyte loss or dysfunction is extremely difficult to discern when it forms one component of a complex disease process. To evaluate this directly, we examined the effect of adult pericyte loss on mouse voluntary movement and motor function, and physiological responses such as hypoxia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and glial reactivity.

A phase II trial examining the safety and preliminary efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for people living with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition and the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. MS pathogenesis leads to the death of oligodendrocytes, demyelination, and progressive central nervous system neurodegeneration. Endogenous remyelination occurs in people with MS (PwMS) but is insufficient to repair the damage.

Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances remyelination by newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes in the cuprizone model of toxic demyelination.

In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), newborn and surviving oligodendrocytes (OLs) can contribute to remyelination, however, current therapies are unable to enhance or sustain endogenous repair. Low intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LI-rTMS), delivered as an intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), increases the survival and maturation of newborn OLs in the healthy adult mouse cortex, but it is unclear whether LI-rTMS can promote remyelination. To examine this possibility, we fluorescently labelled oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs; Pdgfrα-CreER transgenic mice) or mature OLs (Plp-CreER transgenic mice) in the adult mouse brain and traced the fate of each cell population over time.

Implementation of a virtual, shared medical appointment program that focuses on food as medicine principles in a population with obesity: the SLIM program.

Background: Multimodal lifestyle interventions, employing food as medicine, stand as the recommended first-line treatment for obesity. The Shared Medical Appointment (SMA) model, where a physician conducts educational sessions with a group of patients sharing a common diagnosis, offers an avenue for delivery of comprehensive obesity care within clinical settings. SMAs, however, are not without implementation challenges.

The Primacy of Ethics in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review.

Background: The landscape of modern aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift from traditional doctor-led care to a consumer-driven model, presenting a plethora of ethical challenges. This review discusses the ethical dimensions of medical aesthetics, exploring the implications of consumer demand, societal influences, and technological advancements on patient care and well-being.

Methods: Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review synthesizes evidence regarding the rise of aesthetic medicine, ethical challenges encountered in practice, and the implications of social media and marketing in shaping patient perceptions and decision-making.

Surgical Handover Core Outcome Measures (SH-CORE): a protocol for the development of a core outcome set for trials in surgical handover.

Background: Surgical handover is associated with a significant risk of care failures. Existing research displays methodological deficiencies and little consensus on the outcomes that should be used to evaluate interventions in this area. This paper reports a protocol to develop a core outcome set (COS) to support standardisation, comparability, and evidence synthesis in future studies of surgical handover between doctors.

Cultivating a "Feminine" Surgical Culture: Lessons from Indonesia.

Background: Although the number of female physicians in the United States has been increasing, most practicing surgeons in the United States are men. By contrast, Indonesia has achieved notable gender parity among surgeons, with the number of women practicing as plastic surgeons projected to soon surpass that of men. Achieving greater female representation in plastic surgery is important for delivering high-quality care, especially in the face of physician shortages and high burnout rates.

Enhancing NICU Care and Communication: Perspectives of Moderately Preterm Infant Parents.

Background: Moderately preterm infants (MPTI) comprise a large proportion of NICU admissions and are an understudied population. The unique experience of families with MPTIs has yet to be examined in the literature. Describing MPTI parent needs and preferences may inform interventions to improve care and outcomes for this population.

Does affect mediate the relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis is well established, and research is now focused on identifying mechanisms that may explain this relationship. Models of trauma and psychosis increasingly emphasize a broad range of affective processes, yet the overall effect of these affective processes is not well understood.

Aim: This review systematically examined the effect of any form of long-term affective dysfunction on the relationship between interpersonal trauma and psychosis.

Reliability of Open Public Electric Vehicle Direct Current Fast Chargers.

Objective: The aim was to systematically evaluate the usability of all public electric vehicles (EV) direct current fast chargers (DCFC) in the San Francisco region.

Background: To achieve a rapid transition to EVs, a highly reliable and easy to use charging infrastructure is critical to building confidence among consumers.

Methods: The functionality and usability of all 182 open, public DCFC charging stations with CCS connectors (combined charging system) in the 9 counties of the Bay Area were tested (655 electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) ports).

Effectiveness of community mobilisation and group-based interventions for preventing intimate partner violence against women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a challenge affecting one in three women in their lifetime, and gender-transformative interventions have been identified as a promising prevention strategy. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of community-level or group-based interventions to prevent IPV in lower- and middle-income countries, seeking to answer the following research question: do community- or group-based gender-transformative interventions reduce IPV, compared to a control arm of status-quo programming?

Methods: We conducted a systematic search from the inception of all databases employed until 20 July 2021. Eligible study outcomes included past-year experience of physical, sexual, emotional or economic IPV self-reported by women and perpetration of physical or sexual IPV self-reported by men.

Antigen-dependent IL-12 signaling in CAR T cells promotes regional to systemic disease targeting.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutic responses are hampered by limited T cell trafficking, persistence, and durable anti-tumor activity in solid tumors. However, these challenges can be largely overcome by relatively unconstrained synthetic engineering strategies. Here, we describe CAR T cells targeting tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG72), utilizing the CD28 transmembrane domain upstream of the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain as a driver of potent anti-tumor activity and IFNγ secretion.

Identification of Ubiquitously Present Polymeric Adlayers on 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

The interest in 2D materials continues to grow across numerous scientific disciplines as compounds with unique electrical, optical, chemical, and thermal characteristics are being discovered. All these properties are governed by an all-surface nature and nanoscale confinement, which can easily be altered by extrinsic influences, such as defects, dopants or strain, adsorbed molecules, and contaminants. Here, we report on the ubiquitous presence of polymeric adlayers on top of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Anger, Irritability, and Aggression in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies.

The onset of childhood disruptive behaviors is one of the most common presenting difficulties to clinics worldwide. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has shown to be effective in the reduction of anger and aggression among adults, however to date there has been no systematic review that has examined the effectiveness of ACT in addressing anger and aggression among children, adolescents, and young adults. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the methodological standing and effectiveness of the peer-reviewed literature of ACT on anger and aggression for this population.

Antigen-dependent IL-12 signaling in CAR T cells promotes regional to systemic disease targeting.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutic responses are hampered by limited T cell trafficking, persistence, and durable anti-tumor activity in solid tumor microenvironments. However, these challenges can be largely overcome by relatively unconstrained synthetic engineering strategies, which are being harnessed to improve solid tumor CAR T cell therapies. Here, we describe fully optimized CAR T cells targeting tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG72) for the treatment of solid tumors, identifying the CD28 transmembrane domain upstream of the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain as a driver of potent anti-tumor activity and IFNγ secretion.

County Health Leadership Practices and Readiness for Noncommunicable Disease Services in Kenya.

Background: Premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is a contemporary development challenge. Low-income and lower-middle-income countries are disproportionately affected, with the poorest in society considered the most vulnerable. A paucity of literature exists on how leadership practices at the implementation level relate to ensuring readiness for NCD services.

What Next After MBSR/MBCT? An Open Trial of an 8-Week Follow-on Program Exploring Mindfulness of Feeling Tone ().

Objectives: The effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) has been established in many randomized controlled trials. However, effect sizes are often modest, and there remains ample scope to improve their effectiveness. One approach to this challenge is to offer a "follow-on" course to people who have completed an MBP and are interested in further skill development.

The phospho-docking protein 14-3-3 regulates microtubule-associated proteins in oocytes including the chromosomal passenger Borealin.

Global regulation of spindle-associated proteins is crucial in oocytes due to the absence of centrosomes and their very large cytoplasmic volume, but little is known about how this is achieved beyond involvement of the Ran-importin pathway. We previously uncovered a novel regulatory mechanism in Drosophila oocytes, in which the phospho-docking protein 14-3-3 suppresses microtubule binding of Kinesin-14/Ncd away from chromosomes. Here we report systematic identification of microtubule-associated proteins regulated by 14-3-3 from Drosophila oocytes.