A CASE OF HYPONATREMIA DUE TO PITUITARY METASTASIS OF LUNG CANCER.

Context: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality.

Objective: We report a patient who presented with hyponatremia and diagnosed as small cell lung cancer metastatic to hypothalamus and pituitary.

Case Report: A 68 year old male patient was admitted with fever and cough and pneumonia was considered.

Evaluation of Informative Content on Cerebral Palsy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: The Value of ChatGPT.

Aims: In addition to the popular search engines on the Internet, ChatGPT may provide accurate and reliable health information. The aim of this study was to examine whether ChatGPT's responses to frequently asked questions concerning cerebral palsy (CP) by families were reliable and useful.

Methods: Google trends were used to find the most frequently searched keywords for CP.

Case Series: Exposure to Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Two Siblings.

Background: The safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in pregnancy is under investigation. In this report, we want to share the results of a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome who applied to our outpatient clinic for diabetes and had two unplanned pregnancies following the initiation of exenatide for obesity treatment.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman with diabetes was admitted to the endocrinology outpatient clinic.

HIGH THYROPEROXIDASE ANTIBODY TITERS MAY PREDICT RESPONSE TO ANTITHYROID DRUG TREATMENT IN GRAVES DISEASE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY.

Background And Aim: Antithyroid drugs are first treatment for Graves hyperthyroidism worldwide. Although remission can be achieved in approximately 40-50% of patients in 12-18 months with antithyroid drugs, this period can be extended up to 24 months. We aimed to evaluate the effect of individual clinical/biochemical variables and GREAT score in predicting response to antithyroid drug in Graves disease.

A Case Presenting with Neck Pain and High Sedimentation Rate: Amyloid Goiter.

Introduction: Amyloid goiter is a rare disease characterized by amyloid deposits that cause sudden growth in the thyroid gland.

Case Presentation: Here we present a case of a 26-year-old woman with euthyroid amyloid goiter who presented with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis clinic. Amyloid goiter was detected as a result of core biopsy from the thyroid parenchyma of the patient with sudden thyroid enlargement.

Metabolic role of hepassocin in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female endocrinopathy characterized by hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity. Hepassocin (HPS) is a hepatokine involved in energy and lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the role of HPS in metabolic dysfunction and its relationship with fatty liver in patients with PCOS.

The role of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin in bone metabolism in patients with Graves' disease.

Background: Increased bone turnover is a hallmark of hyperthyroidism. The underlying factors of how thyroid hormones affect bone cells are still under the spotlight. Previous studies indicated serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as mediators of the effect of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism.

Renoprotective effects of dapagliflozin in an iron overload non-diabetic rat model.

Purpose: Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are oral anti-diabetic drugs with proven kidney protective effects. Renal protective effects in non-diabetic individuals have also been shown in recent studies. The aim of this study was to determine the renal protective effects of dapagliflozin by evaluating the oxidative stress markers in the kidney tissue and demonstrating it in renal histological sections in an iron-overloaded rat model.

Sonographic evaluation of subclinical entheseal involvement in patients with hypoparathyroidism: a case control study.

Purpose: Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by low serum calcium, increased serum phosphorus and low PTH levels. Although patients are treated with active vitamin D and calcium, a proper serum calcium phosphorus balance cannot always be achieved. Ectopic calcifications that develop in organs during treatment are the most common complications.

Pedabarography May Play a Role in Foot Plantar Scanning in Acromegaly.

Aims: Acromegaly is associated with symptoms in many organs, including the heart, colon, skin, bones, and many joints. Patients with long-term treatment or biochemical control still suffer from acromegaly arthropathy (AA). Primarily, the weight-bearing joints of the lower extremity are affected and at last deformation emerges.

Dietary Acid Load Associated with Hypertension and Diabetes in the Elderly.

Background: Diet can affect the body's acid-base balance due to its content of acid or base precursors. There is conflicting evidence for the role of metabolic acidosis in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, hypertension (HT), and insulin resistance (IR).

Objective: We hypothesized that dietary acid load (DAL) is associated with adverse metabolic risk factors and aimed to investigate this in the elderly.

Ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine against early liver damage of radioiodine in rats.

Objective: The present study was aimed to explore the potential ameliorating effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against radioiodine (RAI)-induced early liver damage.

Methods: Thirty Wistar Albino male rats were arbitrarily allocated into three groups each containing 10 rats: the control group (group 1); the RAI group (group 2), oral 111 MBq/kg radioiodine was administered to rats; the RAI + NAC group (group 3), 150 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal NAC treatment was initiated 3 days prior to the RAI administration and continued for 10 days. Liver samples were obtained 24 h after the last dose of NAC therapy for biochemical and histopathologic evaluation.

Factors that affect the Glycemic Control Achieved by Switching to Insulin Degludec/ Aspart in Insulin-Treated Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in a Real-World Setting: a Non-interventional, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) is a co-formulation with IDeg and IAsp. Different insulin regimens may be switched to IDegAsp. In this study, we aimed to find out the effect of switch to IDegAsp on glycemic control and whether the basal characteristics and treatment modalities of the patients affect the change in glycemic control brought by switch to IDegAsp.

Effects of empagliflozin against indomethacin induced gastric mucosa.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered a new class antidiabetic agent, as well as lowering blood sugar, it has many positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLGT2i on the gastric mucosa.

Methods: We investigated the effects of empagliflozin on indomethacin-induced gastritis using 48 male Wistar Albino rats.

Evaluation of management of patients with postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism. How close are we to the targets?

Background: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PO-HypoPT) is a complication usually seen after thyroid surgery. PO-HypoPT, which lasts longer than 6 months is defined permanently. The aim of this study was to evaluate how close permanent PO-HypoPT patients can approach target values.

Assessment of inner retina layers thickness values in eyes with pituitary tumours before visual field defects occur.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate macula, retinal nerve layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL) and macular nerve fibre layer (mNFL) thickness in patients with pituitary tumours who has normal visual field (VF).

Methods: Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients with pituitary tumours with normal VF and 41 eyes of 41-healthy subjects were underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. The spectral domain- optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure macular and optic disc parameters.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-tolymphocyte ratio in different etiological causes of thyrotoxicosis.

Background/aim: The most common causes of thyrotoxicosis include Graves’ disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), toxic adenoma (TA), and subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAT). In our study, we aimed to see whether neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the hospital records of the Endocrinology Clinic of our hospital between 2016 and 2019.

ECTOPIC LINGUAL THYROID PRESENTING WITH MASSIVE HEMATEMESIS.

Ectopic lingual thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality caused by aberrant embryogenesis during thyroid migration. Even though, most patients are asymptomatic, uncommonly the mass can be enlarged and cause dysphagia, dyspnea, upper airway obstruction, dysphonia, hypothyroidism. We report a very rare case of ectopic lingual thyroid presenting with massive hematemesis.

Evaluation of Platelet Functions in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Versus Healthy Controls: a Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: To evaluate platelet functions in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) versus healthy controls.

Methods: Seventy-five patients with HT and 29 healthy controls were included in this study. Age, serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody, platelet count, in vitro platelet aggregation and ATP release reaction tests were recorded and compared between HT and control groups.

The evaluation of preoperative and postoperative fetuin-A levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate preoperative and postoperative serum fetuin-A levels in female patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and search for the relationship with parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D (25OHD). Although a role for fetuin-A is suggested in regulating bone mineralization, its function has not been completely defined.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 43 female patients with PHPT and 30 healthy women were recruited as the control group.

Serum nesfatin-1 levels are decreased in pregnant women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Objective: To investigate serum nesfatin-1 levels at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy in women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes and determine the association of nesfatin-1 with several metabolic parameters.

Subjects And Methods: Forty women newly diagnosed with gestational diabetes at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy and 30 healthy pregnant women matched in age and gestational week were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum nesfatin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA, and the relationship between nesfatin-1 and several metabolic parameters were assessed.

Inter-rater agreement of the Turkish version of the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised form.

Objectives: This study aims to adapt the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-revised form (NBRS-R) for Turkish traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and to investigate the inter-rater agreement of the Turkish revised scale.

Patients And Methods: A total of 45 patients (36 males, 9 females; mean age 31.1±13.

Is There a Tendency for Thrombosis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

Context: Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the coagulation system, dynamics involved at a pathophysiological level and the exact mechanism remain unclear.

Aims: To evaluate the association between diabetes-related parameters and hemostatic factors to search for a tendency of thrombosis in GDM.

Settings And Design: Nineteen pregnant women who had GDM, 16 healthy pregnant and 13 healthy nonpregnant controls admitted to the Endocrinology outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study.