Assessing the association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of exclusive and dual use with combustible cigarettes.

Background: Growing evidence highlights the impact of e-cigarette use on cardiovascular health, prompting a crucial examination of its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both exclusive e-cigarette and dual use scenarios with combustible cigarettes. This meta-analysis assessed the association between e-cigarette use and CVD by synthesizing the existing literature.

Methods: Pertinent observational studies were identified using multiple electronic databases, from August 22nd, 2006, to April 10th, 2024.