The redescription and complete mitogenomes of two species (Hemiptera, Oxycarenidae) and phylogenetic implications.

In this study, the two Oxycarenidae species, Horváth, 1926 and Distant, 1904, are redescribed, and their complete mitogenomes are sequenced and analyzed. The phylogeny of Lygaeoidea is examined using 45 complete mitogenomes of lygaeoid species and four outgroup species. The gene orientation and arrangement of the two mitogenomes are found to be consistent with typical Lygaeoidea mitochondrial features, comprising 37 genes, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a control region.

Parasitoids as taxonomists: how does the parasitoid Chouioia cunea distinguish between a host and a non-host?

Background: How parasitoids distinguish hosts from non-hosts remains an unknown question. Chouioia cunea Yang (Eulophidae) is an important fall webworm parasitoid that attacks many forest and agricultural pests. To study the differences in the chemical clues used by C.

Characterization of two new mitogenomes (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae, Ischnorhynchinae) and a mitochondrial phylogeny of Lygaeoidea.

Lygaeidae is a large family of Hemiptera (Heteroptera) currently separated into three subfamilies, Ischnorhynchinae, Lygaeinae, and Orsillinae. In this research, the complete mitogenomes of the iscnorhynchines Zheng, Zou & Hsiao, 1979 and Zheng, Zou & Hsiao, 1979 were sequenced, and the phylogeny of and the Lygaeidae with known complete mitogenomes were examined. The mitogenomes are 15,174 bp and 15,399 bp in size, respectively, and comprised of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region (D-loop).

Out of East Asia: Early Warning of the Possible Invasion of the Important Bean Pest Stalk-Eyed Seed Bug (Heteroptera: Malcidae: Chauliopinae).

The short stay at the beginning of the invasion process is a critical time for invasive species identification and preventing invasive species from developing a wider distribution and significant economic impact. The stalk-eyed seed bug is an important agricultural pest of soybean and was first reported to occur outside East Asia. Here, we reported the native evolutionary history, recent invasion history, and potential invasion threats of for the first time based on population genetic methods and ecological niche modelling.

Revision of the genus Hopp (Hemiptera, Lygaeoidea, Oxycarenidae), with descriptions of two new species from China and Nepal.

The species of Hopp, 1987 are reviewed. The following taxonomic change is proposed: (Kiritshenko, 1914), (transferred from Fieber, 1860). The genus Hopp is newly recorded from Afghanistan, China, Iran, and Tadzhikistan.

Morphological diversity of the metathoracic spiracle in the Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

Spiracles are the openings in the exoskeleton of insects through which air enters into the respiratory system that is formed by a series of tubes called tracheae. They are primarily located on the abdomen, but can also occur on the thorax, including the metathorax. An insect metathoracic spiracle is usually composed of an external opening and a more internal filter apparatus.

Reciprocal-Activation Strategy for Allylic Sulfination with Unactivated Allylic Alcohols.

A reciprocal-activation strategy for allylic sulfination with unactivated allylic alcohols was developed. In this reaction, the hydrogen bond interaction between allylic alcohols and sulfinic acids allowed for reciprocal activation, which enabled a dehydrative cross-coupling process to occur under mild reaction conditions. This reaction worked in an environmentally friendly manner, yielding water as the only byproduct.

Meschia zoui sp. nov., first representative of the family Meschiidae from China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea).

All the species of the family Meschiidae, known until now only from India and Australia, are reviewed. A new species, Meschia zoui sp. nov.

A new genus and new species of Myodochini from Australia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae).

Pseudolaryngodus spectabilis gen. et sp. nov.

Revision of the genus Sadoletus Distant, with description of new species from China and Australia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Heterogastridae).

The species of genus Sadoletus are revised based on re-examination of the type material. A total of eighteen species are recognized in this genus, including five new species: Sadoletus abathonotus sp. nov.

A Ba/Pd Catalytic System Enables Dehydrative Cross-Coupling and Excellent -Selective Wittig Reactions.

A Ba/Pd cooperative catalysis system was developed to enable the dehydrative cross-coupling of allylic alcohols with P-ylides to occur directly and promote a subsequent Wittig reaction in one pot. A variety of multisubstituted 1,4-dienes were isolated in good to excellent yields with broad P-ylides (stabilized by both ester and ketone carbonyl groups) and aldehyde (aliphatic and aromatic) substrates with excellent selectivity.

Allylic Phosphorus Ylides Directly Generated from Alcohols with Water as the Only Byproduct.

A novel strategy for the preparation of allylic phosphorus ylides directly from Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) alcohols in an environmentally benign manner was developed. With the assistance of a calcium catalyst, the S2' process between phosphines and allylic alcohols occurred smoothly, delivering allylic phosphorus salts and calcium-stabilized hydroxide ions. Then, in situ deprotonation gave the allylic phosphorus ylides with water as the only byproduct.

Barium-catalyzed C-OH/P-H dehydrative cross-coupling for C-P bond construction.

A barium-catalyzed C-OH/P-H dehydrative cross-coupling protocol for the construction of C-P bonds was developed. This reaction was performed in an environmentally benign manner with water as the only by-product. A variety of allylic phosphorus compounds can be isolated in good to excellent yields.

Direct Substitution of Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols To Generate Sulfones under Catalyst- and Additive-Free Conditions.

An environmentally benign protocol that affords propargylic sulfones containing highly congested carbon centers from easily accessible alcohols and sulfinic acids with water as the only byproduct is reported. The reaction proceeded via an in situ dehydrative cross-coupling process by taking advantage of the synergetic actions of multiple hydrogen bonds rather than relying on an external catalyst and/or additives to achieve high product distribution.

The identity of , with proposal of new genus and species level synonymies (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Heterogastridae).

The identities of the genus Equatobursa Zou, 1985 and its single included species, E. nigra Zou, 1985 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Heterogastridae) are clarified based on the re-examination of the type material of the species. The following new subjective synonymies are proposed: Sadoletus Distant, 1903 = Equatobursa Zou, 1985, syn.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the stalk-eyed bug Chauliops fallax Scott, and the monophyly of Malcidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

Chauliops fallax Scott, 1874 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Malcidae: Chauliopinae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of soybean and rice fields in Asia. Here we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of this pest. This genome is 15,739 bp long, with an A+T content of 73.