Neuroprotection of resveratrol against cadmium-poisoning acts through dual inhibition of mTORC1/2 signaling.

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with neuroprotective function. The underlying mechanism is not well understood. Our previous studies have identified that resveratrol antagonizes cadmium (Cd) neurotoxicity via targeting PP2A/PP5-mediated Erk1/2 and JNK pathways.

Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and digestible energy contents in two modified soy protein concentrates and soybean meal fed to growing pigs.

Six ileal-cannulated barrows (28.0 ± 1.3 kg initial BW) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with one additional period ( = 7 or 6) to determine standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and digestible energy of two modified soy protein concentrates [MSPC1 and MSPC2] and soybean meal (SBM).

The effects of deoxynivalenol-contaminated corn in low-complexity diets supplemented with either an immune-modulating feed additive, or fish oil on nursery pig growth performance, immune response, small intestinal morphology, and component digestibility.

Three hundred twenty newly weaned pigs (21 days of age; 6.7 ± 0.3 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of supplementing low-complexity () deoxynivalenol- () contaminated nursery diets with a feed additive or fish oil on growth performance and immune response to an lipopolysaccharide () challenge.

Growth performance, immune status, gastrointestinal tract ecology, and function in nursery pigs fed enzymatically treated yeast without or with pharmacological levels of zinc.

Growth performance and physiological responses of nursery piglets when fed enzymatically treated yeast (HY40) and pharmacological ZnO alone or in combination were investigated. A total of 144 pigs (21 d old, BW 7.32 ± 0.

Efficacy of enhanced phytase on growth performance, bone quality, nutrient digestibility, and metabolism in nursery pigs fed corn-soybean meal diet low in calcium and digestible phosphorous.

Efficacy of phytase (ASP) was evaluated in nursery pigs fed low Ca and digestible P corn and soybean meal diet. Piglets were weaned on day 21, fed a common commercial starter diet for 7 d, and assigned to pens (4 pigs/pen: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂) based on day 7 BW. Positive control (PC) and negative (NC) diets were formulated with similar energy and nutrients with exception of total Ca, total P, and digestible P concentrations being 79%, 67%, and 55% that of PC diet, respectively.

The effect of deoxynivalenol-contaminated corn and an immune-modulating feed additive on growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed corn- and soybean meal-based diets.

One hundred eighty newly weaned pigs (21 days of age; 6.9 ± 0.2 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of deoxynivalenol- (DON) contaminated corn and an immune-modulating feed additive on growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed corn- and soybean meal-based diets.

The effects of partially replacing animal protein sources with full fat black soldier fly larvae meal () in nursery diets on growth performance, gut morphology, and immune response of pigs.

One hundred and forty-four newly weaned pigs (6.74 ± 0.23 kg initial BW; 21 d of age) were used to determine the effect of partially replacing animal protein sources with black solider fly larvae meal (BSFLM) in nursery diets on growth performance, gut morphology, and immune response.

Growth performance, organ weight, fecal scores, plasma, and ceca digesta microbial metabolites in growing pigs fed spent biomass of .

Growth performance, liver and spleen weight, plasma, and ceca digesta metabolites and incidences of diarrhea were investigated in growing pigs fed spent biomass of Ninety six barrows (~25 kg, 4 pigs/pen) were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets ( = 6) for 7 weeks. The diets were control, corn-, and soybean meal-based diet or control plus 2.5%, 3.

Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and net energy contents in full fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meals () fed to growing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and net energy (Exp. 2) in two black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) samples [full fat (FF; 42.

Digestibility of amino acids, energy, and minerals in roasted full-fat soybean and expelled-extruded soybean meal fed to growing pigs without or with multienzyme supplement containing fiber-degrading enzymes, protease, and phytase.

Indigestible fiber-protein-phytate complexes reduce the feeding value of soy products. We investigated the effects of multienzyme supplement (MES, Victus) on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and minerals in roasted full-fat soybean (FFSB) seeds and expelled-extruded soybean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. The crude protein (CP) was 33.

Health Benefits of Supplementing Nursery Pig Diets with Microalgae or Fish Oil.

Weaning stress can negatively impact a pig's performance; dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) reduces inflammatory stress and promotes nursery pig's health and growth. Fish oil (FO) is a major source of n-3 PUFA; however, microalgae (AL) may provide an alternative source of n-3 PUFA. The aim of this study was to assess the health benefits of supplementing a plant protein-based nursery diet with 3.

Effects of dietary leucine supplementation and immune system stimulation on plasma AA concentrations and tissue protein synthesis in starter pigs.

 Immune system stimulation (ISS) adversely affects protein and AA metabolism and reduces productivity in pigs. Leucine (Leu) has a regulatory role in skeletal muscle protein turnover, which may be affected by ISS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ISS and dietary Leu supplementation on the protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of various tissues in pigs.

Growth performance, gastrointestinal and digestibility responses in growing pigs when fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with corn DDGS treated with fiber degrading enzymes with or without liquid fermentation.

Fermenting high fiber ingredients such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with feed enzymes may improve their feeding value. We investigated the effects of fermenting corn DDGS with a blend of β-glucanase and xylanases (XB) on growth performance, gut parameters, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Dietary treatments were: (1) corn soybean meal-based diet + 30% DDGS (control), (2) control + XB without fermentation (XBNS), and (3) control + DDGS fermented with XB (16% DM) for 3 to 10 d at 40 °C (XBS).

Resveratrol inhibits Erk1/2-mediated adhesion of cancer cells via activating PP2A-PTEN signaling network.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has been shown to possess anticancer activity. However, how resveratrol inhibits cancer cell adhesion has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that resveratrol suppressed the basal or type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1-stimulated adhesion of cancer cells (Rh1, Rh30, HT29, and HeLa cells) by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway.

Ammonia-Nitrogen Added to Low-Crude-Protein Diets Deficient in Dispensable Amino Acid-Nitrogen Increases the Net Release of Alanine, Citrulline, and Glutamate Post-Splanchnic Organ Metabolism in Growing Pigs.

Background: Dietary ammonia is rapidly absorbed but poorly used for urea synthesis in pigs fed low-crude-protein (low-CP) diets deficient in dispensable amino acid (DAA)-nitrogen.

Objective: We explored the effect of dietary ammonia on net amino acid (AA) balances in portal-drained viscera (PDV) and livers of pigs fed a diet deficient in DAA-nitrogen.

Methods: Eight barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 26.

Ammonia Nitrogen Added to Diets Deficient in Dispensable Amino Acid Nitrogen Is Poorly Utilized for Urea Production in Growing Pigs.

Including ammonia in low-crude protein (CP) diets deficient in dispensable amino acid (DAAs) increases nitrogen retention in growing pigs. We investigated the absorption and metabolism of dietary ammonia nitrogen in the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver of pigs fed a diet deficient in DAA nitrogen. Eight pigs with an initial mean ± SD body weight (BW) of 26.

Dietary Leucine Supplementation Decreases Whole-Body Protein Turnover before, but Not during, Immune System Stimulation in Pigs.

Background: Immune system stimulation (ISS) adversely affects protein metabolism and reduces pig productivity. Leu has a regulatory role in skeletal muscle and whole-body protein turnover, which may be affected by ISS.

Objective: We sought to determine the effect of supplemental Leu intake on whole-body protein turnover in pigs before and during ISS.

Epidermal growth factor containing culture supernatant enhances intestine development of early-weaned pigs in vivo: potential mechanisms involved.

We have previously generated epidermal factor expressing Lactococcus lactis (EGF-LL) using a bioengineering approach, and shown that EGF-LL fermentation supernatant enhanced newly weaned pigs growth. The objective of the current study was to further understand the mechanisms behind this improved performance. Sixty-four piglets were weaned at 3 weeks of age and then fed ad libitum according to a 2-phase feeding program.

Evaluation of a porcine model of early aortic valve sclerosis.

Background: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity. While late-stage CAVD is well-described, early pathobiological processes are poorly understood due to the lack of animal models that faithfully replicate early human disease. Here we evaluated a hypercholesterolemic porcine model of early diet-induced aortic valve sclerosis.

Growth performance of early-weaned pigs is enhanced by feeding epidermal growth factor-expressing Lactococcus lactis fermentation product.

We have previously generated epidermal growth factor expressing Lactococcus lactis (EGF-LL) using bioengineering approach, and shown that feeding newly-weaned piglets EGF-LL improves digestive function. To address concerns over the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), the objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of feeding the EGF-LL fermentation product, after removal of the genetically modified EGF-LL, on growth performance and intestine development of newly-weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty newly-weaned piglets were fed ad libitum according to a 2-phase feeding program.

Dietary and endogenous amino acids are the main contributors to microbial protein in the upper gut of normally nourished pigs.

Although amino acids (AA) synthesized by enteric microbiota in the upper gut of nonruminants can be absorbed, they do not necessarily make a net contribution to the host's AA supply. That depends on whether protein or nonprotein nitrogen sources are used for microbial protein production. We determined the contributions of urea, endogenous protein (EP), and dietary protein (DP) to microbial valine (M.