Effect of small dose esketamine on perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms in elderly patients undergoing major elective noncardiac surgery for malignant tumors: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder and postoperative depressive symptoms are significant complications after surgery. Studies have indicated that esketamine possesses neuroprotective and antidepressant qualities.

Methods: This trial included 209 patients aged 60 to 86 years undergoing tumor resection who received esketamine (Group E) or not (Group C) during and after surgery.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on early postoperative cognitive function and postoperative inflammatory response: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has demonstrated potential as an effective agent for enhancing early postoperative cognitive function. However, there is ongoing debate regarding its optimal dosage and impact on early postoperative inflammatory response. This study aimed to assess and prioritize the effects of varying doses of DEX on early postoperative cognitive function and inflammatory response, in order to identify the most effective intervention dosage.