Analysis of Interaction Features of Cyclo[13]carbon with Small Molecules and Formation Mechanism of Its Dimer.

The newly discovered cyclo[13]carbon, the first artificially synthesized odd-numbered carbon ring, is an intriguing carbon isomer that provides a valuable subject for studying low-symmetry carbon materials. In this work, we employed first-principles calculations to explore the geometric structure and electronic properties of cyclo[13]carbon through various techniques such as vibrational mode analysis, bond order analysis, spin density analysis, electron localization analysis, electrostatic potential and van der Waals potential analysis, visualization of weak interactions, and energy decomposition analysis. We investigated the interaction characteristics of cyclo[13]carbon with small molecules and examined its dimer formation mechanism and dynamics features using ab initio molecular dynamics.

An adaptive frequency-hopping detection for slowly-varying fading dispersive channels.

Frequency hopping (FH) signals have been widely used to improve performance against frequency selective fading phenomenon of underwater channels. However, the channel is slowly varying in regard to changes in weather conditions, and thus the conventional FH detection transmitting signals with fixed frequency cannot guarantee good detection performance in the dynamic underwater environment. To overcome the performance degradation in slowly-varying fading dispersive channels, this paper proposes an adaptive frequency-hopping (AFH) target detection method.

DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide.

The UV/chlorine process is efficient for the abatement of micropollutants; yet, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the toxicity can be altered during the treatment. This study investigated effluent organic matter characterization, DBP formation and toxicity alteration after the UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater; particularly, typical water matrix components in wastewater, namely, ammonia and bromide, were studied. The raw wastewater contained low levels of ammonia (3 µM) and bromide (0.