The function of wing bullae in mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) reveals new insights into the early evolution of Pterygota.

Background: Mayflies are basal winged insects of crucial importance for the understanding of the early evolution of Pterygota. Unlike all other insects, they have two successive winged stages, the subimago and the imago. Their forewings feature so-called bullae, which are desclerotized spots in the anterior main veins.

Geographic distribution modeling and taxonomy of (Cothouny Gould, 1846) (Charopidae) reveal potential distributional areas of the species along the Patagonian Forests.

Background: (Couthouy Gould, 1846), an endemic Charopidae from southern South America, was described from few dry shells. The distribution of this species is known on scattering occurrences, mainly from material deposited in museum collections. We provide here new information on anatomy, habitat, and microhabitat preferences and estimate the potential geographic distribution of the species to test if it is exclusively endemic to the Subpolar Magellanic Forest.

The phylogenetic relationships of the two-winged South American Leptophlebiidae genera revisited with first description of the male imago of Bessierus Thomas amp; Orth (Insecta: Ephemeroptera).

Four of the 43 genera of South American Leptophlebiidae are dipterous. A previous phylogenetic hypothesis supported that clade Askola+Hagenulopsis, and that Bessierus+Perissophlebiodes, are sister groups of the Farrodes complex. Adults of Bessierus and Perissophlebiodes were not known but posteriorly Perissophlebiodes male imago was described.

From morphology to molecules: a combined source approach to untangle the taxonomy of (Gastropoda, Odontostomidae), endemic land snails from the Dry Chaco ecoregion.

Background: Land gastropods of the Dry Chaco merit special attention because they comprise a highly diverse but barely studied group. Doering, 1875 are typical inhabitants of this ecoregion. The inclusion of their distribution areas into range, their shell shape similarities, and a former molecular study raised doubts on the monophyly of this genus.

Solaropsis brasiliana, anatomy, range extension and its phylogenetic position within Pleurodontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora).

A detailed anatomical revision on Solaropsis brasiliana (Deshayes 1832) has been carried out. New characters on shell, anatomy of soft parts, and a review of the genus distribution in South America, as well as clarification on S. brasiliana distributional area are provided in the present study.

Impact of neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) on influenza-related pneumonia (IRP) is not established. Our objective was to investigate the association between NAI treatment and IRP incidence and outcomes in patients hospitalised with A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection.

Methods: A worldwide meta-analysis of individual participant data from 20 634 hospitalised patients with laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 (n = 20 021) or clinically diagnosed (n = 613) 'pandemic influenza'.

[Biodiversity of land gastropods (Mollusca) in Sierra de San Javier Park, Tucumán, Argentina].

Studies related to land mollusk diversity in tropical and subtropical forests are scarce. To assess this, a study on land snail diversity of subtropical cloudforest (Yungas) and dry forest (Chaco) areas of Sierra de San Javier Park, Tucumán, Argentina, was carried out. Taxonomic identifications were performed to species level and built a species per stations data matrix to analyze diversity patterns on qualitative and quantitative samples processed from 10x10m quadrates in altitudinal transects.

Sympatry inference and network analysis in biogeography.

A new approach for biogeography to find patterns of sympatry, based on network analysis, is proposed. Biogeographic analysis focuses basically on sympatry patterns of species. Sympatry is a network (= relational) datum, but it has never been analyzed before using relational tools such as Network Analysis.

Ephemeroptera egg chorion characters: a test of their importance in assessing phylogenetic relationships.

The egg chorion ultrastructures of the Hermanella-Traverella (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) species complex were studied from a comparative point of view and used for the first time in a cladistic analysis. Egg characters, along with other nymphal and adult morphological characters, were used to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the species complex. In order to test the value of egg characters, analyses were performed on three matrices: 1) egg characters alone, 2) adult and nymphal characters, and 3) adult, nymphal, and egg characters.