RhoA and Rac1 as Mechanotransduction Mediators in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, creating an urgent need for innovative diagnostic solutions. Mechanobiology, a cutting-edge field that investigates how physical forces influence cell behavior, is now revealing new insights into cancer progression. This research focuses on two crucial players: RhoA and Rac1, small yet powerful proteins that regulate the structure and movement of cancer cells.

Surgical excision of umbilical endometriosis in Australia.

Endometriosis is characterised by endometrial tissue outside the confines of the endometrium in the uterus. Whilst commonly occurring in regions such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes, it is exceedingly uncommon for endometriosis to appear in the umbilical region. This condition may produce a painful and aesthetically unfavourable presentation for sufferers, and can be amendable to surgical excision of the lesion.

Comparison of genomic profiling of patient-matched primary colorectal and surgical resected distant metastatic (stage IV) colorectal carcinoma for drug actionability.

It is often difficult to obtain adequate tissue for genomic study from distant metastases for assessment of targeted therapy in colorectal carcinomas. The study aims to explore the genomic differences between matched distant metastatic colorectal carcinomas (mCRC) and primary carcinoma using surgical specimens of both with adequate tissue. Thirty-four paired primary and distant metastatic colorectal carcinoma samples (liver, ovary, and lung) were obtained from surgical excisions (not small biopsies) and are microsatellite stable.

Correlation between Mutation and mRNA Expression in Circulating Tumour Cells: Clinical Implications in Colorectal Cancer.

Combination strategies of inhibition with immunotherapy in treating advanced or recurrent colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may need to be assessed in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) to achieve better clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the genomic variations of in CTCs and matched CRC tissues and compared mRNA expression of and between wild-type and -mutated CTCs and CRC tissues. Clinicopathological correlations were also compared.

Correction: Aktar et al. Gene Expression Analysis of Immune Regulatory Genes in Circulating Tumour Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma. 2023, , 5051.

Faysal Bin Hamid was not included as an author in the original publication [...

Gene Expression Analysis of Immune Regulatory Genes in Circulating Tumour Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma.

Information regarding genetic alterations of driver cancer genes in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and their surrounding immune microenvironment nowadays can be employed as a real-time monitoring platform for translational applications such as patient response to therapeutic targets, including immunotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiling of these genes along with immunotherapeutic target molecules in CTCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Expression of , , , , and immunotherapeutic target molecules , , and in CTCs and PBMCs were analysed by qPCR.

Comprehensive assessment of actionable genomic alterations in primary colorectal carcinoma using targeted next-generation sequencing.

Background: The clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for guiding treatment has gradually become the standard-of-care procedure for colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Here, we comprehensively assess emerging targeted therapy biomarkers using CGP in primary CRC.

Methods: A total of 575 primary CRCs were sequenced by ACTOnco® assay for genomic alterations, tumour mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI).

Heme oxygenase-1 & 2 and their potential contribution in heme induced colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background: Literature suggests Heme oxygenase (HO) system to be a double-edged sword which can promote both cytoprotection as well as carcinogenicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of heme in HO-1 and HO-2 induced colorectal carcinogenesis and the clinicopathological significance of their expressions in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC).

Methods: HO-1 and HO-2 expression alterations in normal colonic epithelial (FHC) and colon cancer cells (SW480) were explored following treatment with 0 µM, 25 µM, 100 µM and 250 µM concentrations of hemin, using qPCR.

Polymorphisms in PAH metabolising enzyme CYP1A1 in colorectal cancer and their clinicopathological correlations.

CYP1A1 enzyme is integral to the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to carcinogenic compounds. This study aimed to screen mutations in exon 7 (ex7) of CYP1A1 and investigate its clinicopathological correlations in fresh tissue samples from 85 patients (42 women; 43 men) with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tumour tissues and matched non-neoplastic mucosa tissues were collected prospectively.

Omentoplasty to reduce anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis.

Background: Anastomotic leaks (AL) remain a devastating complication following intestinal anastomoses resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Wrapping the anastomosis with omentum may be protective although data are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of omentoplasty on colorectal anastomoses.

AHR gene expression and the polymorphism rs2066853 are associated with clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinoma.

The relationship between red and processed meat and its risk toward colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is not fully explored in literature. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are procarcinogenic molecules that are ingested with meat cooked at high temperatures. The metabolic conversion of PAHs to carcinogenic diol epoxides is in part mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent induction of CYP1A1.

Incidence of Clostridioides difficile in patients post loop ileostomy reversal in an Australian tertiary hospital: a retrospective study.

Introduction: The purpose of a loop ileostomy is to temporarily divert faeces away from a distal anastomosis, to reduce the consequences of anastomotic leak. This ultimately requires a second procedure to restore bowel continuity, which confers risk of complications including the development of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). It is hypothesized that patients who undergo loop ileostomy reversal are at increased risk of CDI when compared with other patients undergoing elective colorectal surgical procedures, and that these patients also experience an increased length of stay (LOS).

Identification of novel mutations and functional impacts of EPAS1 in colorectal cancer.

Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1) has implications in many cancers. However, the molecular behaviours, functional roles and mutational status of EPAS1 have never been studied in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The study aims to examine the genetic alterations and functional roles of EPAS1 in CRC.

Prophylactic mesh placement at index permanent end colostomy creation to prevent parastomal hernia-an updated meta-analysis.

Background: Debate persists regarding the efficacy of prophylactic mesh insertion (PMI) at index permanent stoma creation to reduce the rate of parastomal hernia (PSH). This meta-analysis aimed to appraise all the latest evidence from newly published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PMI for PSH prevention.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from inception until November 2020.

Enumeration, characterisation and clinicopathological significance of circulating tumour cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Background: The purposes of the study were to enumerate and characterise the circulating tumour cell (CTC) and cluster/micro-emboli (CTM) in blood from patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as well as to investigate their clinical relevance.

Methods: Peripheral blood of six healthy donors (control) and sixty-two patients with CRC were collected to isolate CTCs by an immunomagnetic negative selection approach. EPCAM and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) antibodies were used to identify the CTCs.

Genetic Heterogeneity of Single Circulating Tumour Cells in Colorectal Carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to isolate and investigate the genetic heterogeneities in single circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Twenty-eight single CTCs were collected from eight patients with CRC using a negative immunomagnetic enrichment method. After validation with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression in 3 colon cancer cell lines, a panel of 19 genes were used to analyse the single CTCs ( = 28), primary colorectal carcinoma tissues ( = 8) and colon carcinoma cells ( = 6) using real-time qPCR.

Overexpression of family with sequence similarity 134, member B (FAM134B) in colon cancers and its tumor suppressive properties in vitro.

This study aims to investigate the overexpression-induced properties of tumor suppressor (family with sequence similarity 134, member B) in colon cancer, examine the potential gene regulators of expression and its impact on mitochondrial function. was overexpressed in colon cancer and non-neoplastic colonic epithelial cells. Various cell-based assays including apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, clonogenic, extracellular flux and wound healing assays were performed.

Increasing rate of colorectal cancer in younger patients: a review of colonoscopy findings in patients under 50 at a tertiary institution.

Background: In Australia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. It is more common in patients over 50 years, with previous evidence showing patients under 50 years account for only 9% of CRC. However, recent Australian and International studies have shown an increase in CRC incidence in patients under 50 years of age.

Transanal total mesorectal excision the Gold Coast experience: learning curve and comparison to traditional technique.

Background: Laparoscopic and open techniques in rectal cancer are well-published, however, technical challenges remain for mid to low rectal cancer resections in the narrow pelvis. Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has been pioneered to potentially circumvent these challenges. The aims of this study were to evaluate the learning curve associated with our first cases of taTME as well as compare outcomes to that of conventionally performed rectal resections.

Delay to Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Survival and Recurrence in Patients of Rectal Cancer Treated with Neo-adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery.

Purpose: This aim of the study is to evaluate the survival function and hazard risks of delayed adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) to distant recurrence risk in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery.

Methods: A single tertiary hospital retrospective cohort study of a duration of 5 years between January 2012 and December 2016 was performed. As no previous study shown a temporal relationship of delay to adjuvant/systemic ChT leading to increased risk of metastatic disease, we compared between our proposed cut-off with the median and mean value determined by our dataset.

Characterization of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Matched Cancer and Non-neoplastic Mucosa From Patients With Colorectal Cancer.

Colonic microbiota play important roles in the development of colorectal cancer. We aim to characterise the mucosa-associated microbiota in the tumour as well as the matched non-neoplastic mucosa from patients with colorectal cancer. Microbiota profiling in these samples was done using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Subcutaneous neostigmine appears safe and effective for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome).

Background: Intravenous neostigmine is a well-established treatment for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO). Its use is hampered by the perceived requirement for continuous cardiac monitoring, and patients are often transferred to high-dependency units for close observation during treatment. Subcutaneous neostigmine has the potential to minimize adverse cardiovascular effects while maintaining efficacy.

BRAF mutation: Current and future clinical pathological applications in colorectal carcinoma.

The aims are to review the relevance of the BRAF mutations in the clinical settings of colorectal carcinoma. All the literature concerning BRAF mutations and colorectal carcinoma published in PubMed from 2010 to 2018 was reviewed. Multiple variants of BRAF mutations exist in colorectal cancer, the most common type being V600E.

Tumour suppressor properties of miR-15a and its regulatory effects on BCL2 and SOX2 proteins in colorectal carcinomas.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern, clinicopathological significance and tumour suppressive properties of miR-15a in patients with colorectal carcinomas.

Methods: Tissue samples from 87 patients with primary colorectal carcinomas, 50 matched metastatic lymph node and 37 non-neoplastic colon (control) were prospectively recruited. The expression level of miR-15a was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.