Cervical Cancer Screening Intervals Preferred by U.S. Women.

Introduction: Many U.S. women continue to be screened annually for cervical cancer, despite current guidelines that recommend 3- or 5-year screening intervals depending on screening modality and patient age.

Primary HPV testing: U.S. women's awareness and acceptance of an emerging screening modality.

Background: Primary HPV testing (without the Pap test) has recently been recommended as a cervical cancer screening option in the United States. U.S.

Primary HPV testing recommendations of US providers, 2015.

Objective: To investigate the HPV testing recommendations of US physicians who perform cervical cancer screening.

Methods: Data from the 2015 DocStyles survey of U.S.

Opportunities to Expand Colorectal Cancer Screening Participation.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign has operated continuously since 1999 to promote colorectal cancer screening. The campaign's most recent formative research cycle was conducted in 2015 and included 16 focus groups in four United States cities with adults aged 50-75 years who had not received colorectal cancer screening as recommended. The most common reason for screening nonparticipation was aversion to some aspect of colonoscopy, such as preparation, the invasive nature of the test, or the possibility of complications.

Intended care seeking for ovarian cancer symptoms among U.S. women.

To investigate U.S. women's intended care seeking for symptoms associated with ovarian cancer, data from the 2012 HealthStyles Fall survey of U.

Acceptable and Preferred Cervical Cancer Screening Intervals Among U.S. Women.

Introduction: Current U.S. cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend a 3- or 5-year screening interval depending on age and screening modality.

Perceived effectiveness of HPV test as a primary screening modality among US providers.

Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) test, administered alone without the Papanicolaou (Pap) test, was recently recognized as a cervical cancer screening option in the United States by the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the Food and Drug Administration has approved an HPV test for primary screening.

Methods: Surveys of US internists, family practitioners, nurse practitioners, and obstetrician-gynecologists were conducted in 2009 and 2012 to investigate providers' perceptions of the effectiveness of the HPV test administered alone as a population-based screening modality (2009: N=1040, 141-494 per provider group; 2012: N=1039, 155-435 per provider group).

Results: The majority in each provider group agreed that the HPV test administered alone is an effective screening modality in 2009 (75.

Gynecologic Cancer Information on YouTube: Will Women Watch Advertisements to Learn More?

The quality and accuracy of health content posted on YouTube varies widely. To increase dissemination of evidence-based gynecologic cancer information to US YouTube users, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sponsored two types of advertisements: (1) pre-roll videos that users had to watch for at least 5 s before seeing a video they selected and (2) keyword-targeted listings that appeared in search results when users entered terms related to gynecologic cancer. From July 2012 to November 2013, pre-roll videos were shown 9.

Celebrity appeal: reaching women to promote colorectal cancer screening.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign works with the Entertainment Industry Foundation's National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance to develop public service announcements (PSAs) featuring celebrities. Selection of Screen for Life celebrity spokespersons is based on a variety of factors, including their general appeal and personal connection to colorectal cancer. Screen for Life PSAs featuring celebrities have been disseminated exclusively through donated media placements and have been formatted for television, radio, print, and out-of-home displays such as dioramas in airports, other transit stations, and shopping malls.

Directing the public to evidence-based online content.

To direct online users searching for gynecologic cancer information to accurate content, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 'Inside Knowledge: Get the Facts About Gynecologic Cancer' campaign sponsored search engine advertisements in English and Spanish. From June 2012 to August 2013, advertisements appeared when US Google users entered search terms related to gynecologic cancer. Users who clicked on the advertisements were directed to relevant content on the CDC website.

Opting out of cervical cancer screening: physicians who do not perform pap tests.

Background: Some primary care physicians choose not to provide cervical cancer screening.

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics and screening beliefs of family practitioners and internists who treat adult women in outpatient settings but perform no routine Pap tests.

Methods: A survey of U.

What's the appeal? Testing public service advertisements to raise awareness about gynecologic cancer.

In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Inside Knowledge: Get the Facts About Gynecologic Cancer campaign tested creative concepts for English- and Spanish-language video advertisements (for use on television and the Internet) with women aged 35-64 years. Sixteen English and nine Spanish focus groups were conducted in four U.S.

How many "Get Screened" messages does it take? Evidence from colorectal cancer screening promotion in the United States, 2012.

Objective: Colorectal cancer screening has been widely promoted in the United States. We investigated the association between reported exposure to screening information during the past year and screening participation and knowledge.

Method: Data from the 2012 HealthStyles Fall survey of U.

Promoting gynecologic cancer awareness at a critical juncture--where women and providers meet.

Given the absence of effective population-based screening tests for ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers, early detection can depend on women and health care providers recognizing the potential significance of symptoms. In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Inside Knowledge campaign began distributing consumer education materials promoting awareness of gynecologic cancer symptoms. We investigated providers' in-office use of CDC gynecologic cancer materials and their recognition of the symptoms highlighted in the materials.

Can donated media placements reach intended audiences?

Donated media placements for public service announcements (PSAs) can be difficult to secure, and may not always reach intended audiences. Strategies used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign (SFL) to obtain donated media placements include producing a diverse mix of high-quality PSAs, co-branding with state and tribal health agencies, securing celebrity involvement, monitoring media trends to identify new distribution opportunities, and strategically timing the release of PSAs. To investigate open-ended recall of PSAs promoting colorectal cancer screening, CDC conducted 12 focus groups in three U.

Gynaecologic cancer symptom awareness, concern and care seeking among US women: a multi-site qualitative study.

Background: With limited screening options, early detection of gynaecologic cancers can depend on women recognizing the potential significance of symptoms and seeking care.

Objective: We investigated women's concern about symptoms that might be related to gynaecologic cancers, the underlying conditions they associated with symptoms and their actual and hypothetical response to symptoms.

Methods: Fifteen focus groups with women aged 40-60 years were conducted in Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami and New York City.

Physicians who use social media and other internet-based communication technologies.

The demographic and practice-related characteristics of physicians who use social networking websites, portable devices to access the internet, email to communicate with patients, podcasts, widgets, RSS feeds, and blogging were investigated. Logistic regression was used to analyze a survey of US primary care physicians, pediatricians, obstetrician/gynecologists, and dermatologists (N=1750). Reported technology use during the last 6 months ranged from 80.

Physician characteristics and beliefs associated with use of pelvic examinations in asymptomatic women.

Objective: To examine physicians' beliefs about the pelvic examination and identify physician characteristics associated with routine use of this procedure in the United States.

Methods: A total of 1250 United States family/general practitioners, internists, and obstetrician/gynecologists who participated in the 2009 DocStyles survey completed questions on beliefs regarding the utility of routine pelvic examinations for cancer screening. The survey also asked participants how often they performed this procedure as part of a well-woman exam, to screen for ovarian and other gynecologic cancers, to screen for sexually transmitted infections, and as a prerequisite for prescribing hormonal contraception.

Cancers that U.S. physicians believe the HPV vaccine prevents: findings from a physician survey, 2009.

Background: There is strong scientific evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, which protect against two oncogenic HPV types (16 and 18), can prevent cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in women. In addition, recent research has established that the HPV vaccine can prevent anal cancer and has implied that it may also prevent oropharyngeal cancers.

Methods: A 2009 web-based survey of 1500 physicians from four specialties (pediatricians, family practitioners, internists, and obstetrician-gynecologists) explored knowledge about which female cancers the HPV vaccine was effective in preventing.

Intention to seek care for symptoms associated with gynecologic cancers, HealthStyles survey, 2008.

Introduction: Women with ovarian cancer typically experience symptoms before diagnosis; such symptoms for other gynecologic cancers have not been systematically studied. We investigated which symptoms of gynecologic cancers prompt intention to seek care among women and whether demographic differences in intention exist. This study was undertaken, in part, to inform development of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's campaign, Inside Knowledge: Get the Facts About Gynecologic Cancer.

Why the Pap test? Awareness and use of the Pap test among women in the United States.

Objective: To inform campaign development by assessing awareness, previous receipt, and knowledge of the purpose of Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among women aged ≥ 18 years and to identify differences in awareness, receipt, and knowledge by demographic characteristics.

Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2008 HealthStyles survey, an annual mail survey conducted in the United States covering trends in health-related behavior. Women were asked questions on awareness, past use, and knowledge of the purpose of the Pap test and other gynecologic tests and procedures; 2991 women participated.

Women's knowledge and awareness of gynecologic cancer: a multisite qualitative study in the United States.

Background: U.S. women's awareness and knowledge of gynecologic cancer have not been well studied, with the exception of cervical cancer screening and risk factors.

Trials of decision aids for prostate cancer screening: a systematic review.

Background: Patient decision aids are used to promote informed decision making. This review examines the methods and findings of studies that have evaluated the impact of prostate cancer screening decision aids on patient outcomes.

Methods: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Registry, reference lists, and abstracts from professional meetings were searched through December 2006.

Report from the CDC. Pap test intervals used by physicians serving low-income women through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP), administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provides breast and cervical cancer screening to low-income women who are uninsured or underinsured. For women with three consecutive annual Pap tests with normal findings, the NBCCEDP supports extending the screening interval to every 3 years. Thirteen telephone focus groups were conducted with physician providers in 17 states and the District of Columbia to investigate familiarity with NBCCEDP's triennial Pap test policy, the Pap test intervals actually used, and the factors influencing screening interval selection.