American College of Surgeons Operative Standards and Breast Cancer Outcomes.

Importance: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) operative standards were established to detail critical elements of cancer surgery, reduce technical variation, and improve outcomes. Two of the 6 operative standards target adequate axillary surgery for breast cancer. The potential association of the operative standards with short-term oncologic outcomes, such as nodal yield and nodal positivity rates, is currently unknown.

Sex Differences in Diurnal Sodium Handling During Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats.

Background: Emerging evidence over the past several years suggests that diurnal control of sodium excretion is sex dependent and involves the renal endothelin system. Given recent awareness of disruptions of circadian function in obesity, we determined whether diet-induced obesity impairs renal handling of an acute salt load at different times of day and whether this varies by sex and is associated with renal endothelin dysfunction.

Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks before assessing renal sodium handling and blood pressure.

Hydroxyurea improves nitric oxide bioavailability in humanized sickle cell mice.

Despite advancements in disease management, sickle cell nephropathy, a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in patients, has limited therapeutic options. Previous studies indicate hydroxyurea, a commonly prescribed therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), can reduce renal injury in SCD but the mechanisms are uncertain. Because SCD is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, we hypothesized that hydroxyurea treatment would improve NO bioavailability in the humanized sickle cell mouse.

Greater natriuretic response to ENaC inhibition in male versus female Sprague-Dawley rats.

Genes for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits are expressed in a circadian manner, but whether this results in time-of-day differences in activity is not known. Recent data show that protein expression of ENaC subunits is higher in kidneys from female rats, yet females are more efficient in excreting an acute salt load. Thus, our in vivo study determined whether there is a time-of-day difference as well as a sex difference in the response to ENaC inhibition by benzamil.

Reliability, validity, and accuracy of the intervention selection profile-Function: A brief functional assessment tool.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and accuracy of scores from the Intervention Selection Profile-Function (ISP-Function): a brief functional assessment tool founded upon Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) methodology. Participants included 34 teacher-student dyads. Using the ISP-Function, teachers rated the extent to which students exhibited disruptive behavior, as well as the frequency with which disruptions were met with four consequences.

Comparing the effects of incremental rehearsal and traditional drill on retention of mathematics facts and predicting the effects with memory.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Incremental Rehearsal (IR) and traditional drill (TD) on retention of multiplication facts with 29 students in third and fourth grades with low mathematical skills. Results indicated that IR led to significantly more facts being retained, and was essentially equal to TD for efficiency as measured by number of facts retained per instructional minute. Memory scores accounted for 34% of the variance beyond mathematics calculation scores in retention of multiplication facts for the TD condition, but only 2% of the variance for the IR condition.

Co-occurrence of academic and behavioral risk within elementary schools: Implications for universal screening practices.

The purposes of this study were twofold. The first was to use latent class analysis to identify groupings of students defined by the presence or absence of academic or behavioral risk. The second was to determine whether these groups differed across various dichotomous academic and behavioral outcomes (e.

Combined hydroxyurea and ET receptor blockade reduces renal injury in the humanized sickle cell mouse.

Aim: The objective of this study is to determine if ambrisentan (ET selective antagonist) and hydroxyurea (HU) treatment has a synergistic effect on renal injury in sickle cell nephropathy when compared to HU treatment alone. The premise of the study is based on recent studies showing that endothelin-1 (ET-1) contributes to the pathophysiology of nephropathy in sickle cell disease (SCD) and that ET receptor blockade improves renal function and protects against renal injury. Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly prescribed for the treatment of SCD and has been shown to reduce renal injury in patients with SCD.

Diagnostic accuracy of a universal screening multiple gating procedure: A replication study.

The purpose of this diagnostic accuracy study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity (among other indicators) of three universal screening approaches, including the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS), a SAEBRS-based teacher nomination tool, and a multiple gating procedure (MGP). Each screening approach was compared to the BASC-2 Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS), which served as a criterion indicator of student social-emotional and behavioral risk. All data were collected in a concurrent fashion.

Screening for behavioral risk: Identification of high risk cut scores within the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS).

The purpose of this study was to support the identification of Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS) cut scores that could be used to detect high-risk students. Teachers rated students across two time points (Time 1 n = 1,242 students; Time 2 n = 704) using the SAEBRS and the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS), the latter of which served as the criterion measure. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of Time 1 data detected cut scores evidencing optimal levels of specificity and borderline-to-optimal levels of sensitivity.

Meta-analysis of the effects of academic interventions and modifications on student behavior outcomes.

The current study examined the effect of academic interventions and modifications on behavioral outcomes in a meta-analysis of 32 single-case design studies. Academic interventions included modifying task difficulty, providing instruction in reading, mathematics, or writing, and contingent reinforcement for academic performance. There was an overall small to moderate effect (ϕ = .

Psychometric defensibility of the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS) Teacher Rating Scale and multiple gating procedure within elementary and middle school samples.

The primary purposes of this investigation were to (a) continue a line of research examining the psychometric defensibility of the Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener - Teacher Rating Scale (SAEBRS-TRS), and (b) develop and preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel multiple gating procedure based on teacher nomination and the SAEBRS-TRS. Two studies were conducted with elementary and middle school student samples across two separate geographic locations. Study 1 (n=864 students) results supported SAEBRS-TRS defensibility, revealing acceptable to optimal levels of internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity, and diagnostic accuracy.

Use of direct behavior ratings to collect functional assessment data.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the utility of Direct Behavior Rating Single Item Scale (DBR-SIS) methodology in collecting functional behavior assessment data. Specific questions of interest pertained to the evaluation of the accuracy of brief DBR-SIS ratings of behavioral consequences and determination of the type of training necessary to support such accuracy. Undergraduate student participants (N = 213; 62.

Assessing speech perception in children with hearing loss: what conventional clinical tools may miss.

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that word recognition in a complex, two-talker masker is more closely related to real-world speech perception for children with hearing loss than testing performed in quiet or steady-state noise.

Design: Sixteen school-age hearing aid users were tested on aided word recognition in noise or two-talker speech. Unaided estimates of speech perception in quiet were retrospectively obtained from the clinical record.

Factors affecting sensitivity to frequency change in school-age children and adults.

Purpose: The factors affecting frequency discrimination in school-age children are poorly understood. The goal of the present study was to evaluate developmental effects related to memory for pitch and the utilization of temporal fine structure.

Method: Listeners were 5.

Children's perception of speech produced in a two-talker background.

Purpose: This study evaluated the degree to which children benefit from the acoustic modifications made by talkers when they produce speech in noise.

Method: A repeated measures design compared the speech perception performance of children (5-11 years) and adults in a 2-talker masker. Target speech was produced in a 2-talker background or in quiet.

County-level effects of green space access on physical activity.

Background: Parks and other forms of green space are among the key environmental supports for recreational physical activity. Measurements of green space access have provided mixed results as to the influence of green space access on physical activity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study uses a geographical information system (GIS) to examine the relationships between the amount of and distance to green space and county-level (n = 67) moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the state of Florida.

Putting the capital "E" environment into ecological models of health.

The recent public health reawakening to the role of the built environment has largely excluded consideration of the natural environment. This exclusion is despite the fact that land conservation, or green infrastructure, supports the most fundamental human needs and healthy lifestyles. Although the contemporary public health paradigm acknowledges the environment as an important construct in an "ecological" approach to health, environmental protection is not commonly viewed as an upstream approach to preventing disease.

Increasing social initiations in children with autism: effects of a tactile prompt.

An ABAB design was used to assess the effects of a tactile prompting device (i.e., a vibrating pager) as a prompt for the social initiations of 3 children with autism during free-play activities with typically developing peers.