Proteinuria in dogs with gallbladder mucocele formation: A retrospective case control study.

Background: Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in dogs. An association between proteinuria and gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs is unknown.

Objective: Determine if gallbladder mucocele formation or clinicopathologic comorbidities are associated with proteinuria.

Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound for estimation of urine volume in dogs compared with traditional 2-dimensional ultrasound methods.

Background: Although point-of-care volumetric assessments of the urinary bladder are not routinely performed in dogs, urine volume quantification can provide important clinical information including noninvasive urine output estimation.

Hypothesis/objective: Use of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound for determination of urinary bladder volume (UBV) in dogs will be accurate for different bladder volumes and will decrease the need for operator skill in measuring UBV compared to 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound evaluation.

Animals: Ten laboratory-bred Beagle dogs.