Eating patterns and food intake of persons with type 1 diabetes within the T1D exchange.

Aims: To identify dietary intake and eating patterns of people with type 1 diabetes from childhood to later adulthood in relation to HbA1c.

Methods: Trained interviewers conducted 24-hour recalls via phone utilizing a multiple pass approach and administered two nutrition questionnaires; 463 participants (or parents of participants) within the T1D Exchange clinic registry were included. Participants were 5 to 81 years with 80-101 participants in five age groups; 56% were female, and 92% were white, with a median diabetes duration of 11.

Optimal Sampling Duration for Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Determine Long-Term Glycemic Control.

Objective: To determine the minimum sample of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data needed to accurately reflect 3 months of glycemic control.

Research Design And Methods: Three months of CGM data were collected on 257 individuals (age 10-78 years) with type 1 diabetes in two studies (one using the Abbott FreeStyle Libre Pro™ and the other using the Dexcom™ G4). Correlations were calculated between the full 3 months and incremental sampling periods of CGM data.

The Fallacy of Average: How Using HbA Alone to Assess Glycemic Control Can Be Misleading.

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Racial Differences in the Relationship of Glucose Concentrations and Hemoglobin A1c Levels.

Background: Debate exists as to whether the higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels observed in black persons than in white persons are due to worse glycemic control or racial differences in the glycation of hemoglobin.

Objective: To determine whether a racial difference exists in the relationship of mean glucose and HbA1c.

Design: Prospective, 12-week observational study.

Vitamin D status in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) is not worse than in youth without diabetes.

Objective: To describe vitamin D levels and prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency and deficiency in a large, ethnically/racially diverse population of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in comparison to national data and examine the associations between clinical/demographic factors and vitamin D levels.

Methods: 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured in 215 youth with T1D and 326 youth with T2D enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC). These levels were compared with those of youth of the same age without diabetes from the 2005-2006 NHANES Survey.

Type 1 diabetes in older adults: Comparing treatments and chronic complications in the United States T1D Exchange and the German/Austrian DPV registries.

Aims: Compare characteristics, therapies and clinical outcomes in older adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States T1D Exchange (T1DX) and German/Austrian Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) registries.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of adults ≥60years old with type 1 diabetes seen in 2011-2012 in the T1DX (n=1283) and DPV (n=2014) registries. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.

Association of Baseline Visual Acuity and Retinal Thickness With 1-Year Efficacy of Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, and Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema.

Importance: Comparisons of the relative effect of 3 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents to treat diabetic macular edema warrant further assessment.

Objective: To provide additional outcomes from a randomized trial evaluating 3 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for diabetic macular edema within subgroups based on baseline visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) as evaluated on optical coherence tomography.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Post hoc exploratory analyses were conducted of randomized trial data on 660 adults with diabetic macular edema and decreased VA (Snellen equivalent, approximately 20/32 to 20/320).

Presentation of youth with type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is recognized as a pediatric disease, but few reports describe the characteristics during diagnosis. We describe the clinical presentation of 503 youth with T2D.

Methods: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T2D Clinic Registry enrolled T2D participants from eight pediatric diabetes centers in the USA.

C-peptide levels in pediatric type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Clinic Registry.

Objective: To describe C-peptide levels in a large cohort of children with type 2 diabetes T2D and examine associations with demographic and clinical factors.

Methods: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T2D Registry has collected clinical and biologic data from youth with T2D cared for at eight US Pediatric Diabetes Centers. In this study, we assessed C-peptide levels in 331 youth with T2D (mean age, 16.

Body mass index changes in youth in the first year after type 1 diabetes diagnosis.

Objectives: To describe changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) during the first year following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and associations with demographic and clinical characteristics.

Study Design: The Pediatric Diabetes Consortium includes 7 US centers with prospective longitudinal data from initial T1D diagnosis. This analysis includes 530 youth with diabetes duration of ≥1 year and measures of BMI at 3 and 12 months after diagnosis.

Pediatric diabetes consortium T1D New Onset (NeOn) study: clinical outcomes during the first year following diagnosis.

Objective: There have been few prospective, multicenter studies investigating the natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the time of diagnosis. The objective of this report from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T1D New Onset (NeOn) study was to assess the natural history and clinical outcomes in children during the first year after diagnosis of T1D.

Research Design And Methods: Clinical measures from the first year following diagnosis were analyzed for 857 participants (mean age 9.

Pediatric Diabetes Consortium Type 1 Diabetes New Onset (NeOn) Study: factors associated with HbA1c levels one year after diagnosis.

Objective: To identify determinants of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels 1 yr after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in participants in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T1D New Onset (NeOn) Study.

Research Design And Methods: Diabetes-specific as well as socioeconomic factors during the first year following diagnosis were analyzed in 857 participants (mean age 9.1 yrs, 51% female, 66% non-Hispanic White) not participating in an intervention study who had an HbA1c value at 12 months.

Race, socioeconomic status, and treatment center are associated with insulin pump therapy in youth in the first year following diagnosis of type 1 diabetes.

Background: Increasing numbers of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been placed on insulin pump therapy. Nevertheless, data are limited regarding patterns of pump use during the first year of treatment and the clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with early use of pump therapy. Therefore, we sought to determine factors associated with pump therapy within the first year of diagnosis in youth enrolled in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC) T1D New-Onset (NeOn) Study.