Anxiety connects social media use to food and alcohol disturbance and disordered eating when social support is low.

Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is an understudied form of disordered eating, in which the consumption of calories is restricted in preparation for drinking alcohol. Guided by previous literature, the present study examined the direct, indirect, and interactive relationships between social media use, anxiety, social support, FAD, and disordered eating among young adults. Recruited from a large southwestern public university, the sample included 679 undergraduate students who completed an online survey in spring of 2022 and who indicated that they consume alcohol and are 18 to 29 years old.

Orthorexia nervosa symptomatology in the LGBTQ community: Gender and sexual orientation differences.

This study investigated whether gender and sexual minority groups exhibit differences in orthorexia nervosa (ON) symptomatology compared to cisgender, straight individuals. A sample of 441 non-clinical participants (65 % White, mean age = 27) reported their gender (104 cisgender men, 229 cisgender women, 28 transgender men, 27 transgender women, 53 nonbinary) and sexual orientation (144 straight, 45 gay, 54 lesbian, 105 bisexual/pansexual, 68 queer), and completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory. The LGBTQ group exhibited greater ON symptomatology compared to the cisgender, straight group.

The dark triad moderates the association between orthorexia nervosa and relationship (dis)satisfaction.

Purpose: Past research has revealed a link between orthorexia nervosa (ON) and relationship dissatisfaction, which has in turn been found to be correlated with the Dark Triad traits. The current study investigated the association ON has with seeking out relationships and with relationship satisfaction, while also assessing a potential moderating effect of the Dark Triad.

Methods: Recruited from Reddit forums, 788 adults (74% female, 67% White, 63% aged 25-30 years) completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI), Short Dark Triad (SD3), and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS).

Orthorexia nervosa and executive dysfunction: symptomatology is related to difficulties with behavioral regulation.

Purpose: This research explored whether orthorexia nervosa is associated with deficits in executive function.

Methods: A non-clinical sample of participants (n = 405; 80% women, 53% white, mean age = 24, mean body mass index = 25) completed the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A).

Results: ONI scores were weakly to moderately correlated with all BRIEF-A scales (p < 0.

Orthorexia nervosa and substance use for the purposes of weight control, conformity, and emotional coping.

Purpose: Orthorexia nervosa (ON), characterized by extreme behaviors driven by the goal of eating only healthy and pure foods, could plausibly be associated with avoidance of nicotine, alcohol, and illicit drugs. However, findings from the limited research on these relationships are mixed, and other eating disorders are associated with greater substance abuse.

Method: An online survey was completed by 471 participants (86% women, mean age = 20) recruited from undergraduate courses and through an Instagram advertisement.

Are orthorexia nervosa symptoms associated with deficits in inhibitory control?

Purpose: This study explored whether inhibitory control is associated with symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, a condition that involves substantial behavioral control in regard to healthy eating.

Method: Participants (50 women, 13 men) completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire as a measure of orthorexia symptomatology, along with computerized versions of the Go/No-Go Task, Flanker Task, and Stroop Task.

Results: Orthorexia symptomatology did not correlate with either percent error or response time for any of the three tasks (all p's > 0.

Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI): development and validation of a new measure of orthorexic symptomatology.

Purpose: To overcome the problems associated with existing measures of orthorexia, we assessed the reliability and validity of a new measure: the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI).

Method: An online survey was completed by 847 people recruited from undergraduate nutrition and psychology courses and from advertisements in Facebook and Instagram targeting both healthy eaters (with keywords such as "clean eating" and "healthy eating") and normal eaters (with keywords such as "delicious food" and "desserts").

Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors with 9 items assessing behaviors and preoccupation with healthy eating, 10 items assessing physical and psychosocial impairments, and 5 items assessing emotional distress.

Health beliefs, behaviors, and symptoms associated with orthorexia nervosa.

Purpose: This research explored whether symptoms of orthorexia nervosa (ON), a condition involving obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding healthy eating, are associated with differences pertaining to use of nutritional supplements and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques, to health locus of control, and to symptoms of poor physical health.

Method: An anonymous online survey assessing the variables above was completed by college students at a university in the southern United States: 47 in the ON symptoms group, 50 in the healthy-eating control group, and 83 in the normal-eating control group.

Results: Compared to both control groups, the ON symptoms group reported greater supplement use and CAM participation, more reasons for these behaviors for the purpose of improving psychological health (i.

Are orthorexia nervosa symptoms associated with cognitive Inflexibility?

This study investigated whether symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, a conjectured disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors regarding healthy eating, are associated with cognitive inflexibility. Participants (25 in the orthorexia symptoms group, 25 in the control group) completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire and computerized versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Trail Making Test. Of the 11 variable measurements from these cognitive tests, only one significantly differed between the groups, with the orthorexia symptoms group making more errors than the control group on the first part of the Trail Making Test that does not actually require any set shifting.

Orthorexia symptoms correlate with perceived muscularity and body fat, not BMI.

Purpose: This study explored how different body-type measures relate to orthorexia symptomatology.

Method: Participants were 465 undergraduates, who completed an online survey with self-reported height and weight items, a muscularity figure rating scale, a body fat figure rating scale, and the Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ; Gleaves, Graham, & Ambwani, 2013).

Results: BMI was not significantly related to any of the EHQ subscale scores.

Effects of Cogmed working memory training on cognitive performance.

Research on the cognitive benefits of working memory training programs has produced inconsistent results. Such research has frequently used laboratory-specific training tasks, or dual-task n-back training. The current study used the commercial Cogmed Working Memory (WM) Training program, involving several different training tasks involving visual and auditory input.

Orthorexic eating behaviors related to exercise addiction and internal motivations in a sample of university students.

Purpose: This research explored the exercise tendencies and motivations of individuals varying in orthorexia symptomatology.

Method: Participants were 411 university students, who completed the Eating Habits Questionnaire alongside measures of exercise activity and addiction in Study 1 (a modified version of the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, and the Compulsive Exercise Test) and various exercise motivations in Study 2 (the Behavioural Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire and the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2).

Results: Orthorexia symptomatology was positively correlated with aerobic and strength-training exercise levels; all measures of exercise addiction; all measures of internal exercise motivation; and nearly all measures of exercise motivation for the purposes of psychological, social, health, and body improvement.

Orthorexia nervosa: Assessment and correlates with gender, BMI, and personality.

This study investigated whether orthorexia nervosa (ON; characterized by an obsessive fixation on eating healthy) may be predicted from the demographics variables of gender and BMI, and from the personality variables of self-esteem, narcissism, and perfectionism. Participants were 459 college students, who completed several online questionnaires that assessed these variables. A principal components analysis confirmed that the Eating Habits Questionnaire (Gleaves, Graham, & Ambwani, 2013) assesses three internally-consistent ON components: healthy eating behaviors, problems resulting from those behaviors, and positive feelings associated with those behaviors.

Predicting Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use From Preferential Music Consumption.

This study investigated whether use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana may be predicted from preferential consumption of particular music genres. Undergraduates (257 women and 78 men) completed a questionnaire assessing these variables. Partial correlation analyses, controlling for sensation-seeking tendencies and behaviors, revealed that listening to conventional music (pop, country, and religious genres) was negatively correlated with cigarette smoking (p=.

Implicit prejudicial biases in student learning: the effects of sexual orientation.

In an investigation of students' potential biases toward gay and lesbian instructors, 93 female and 59 male undergraduates viewed a lecture, rated the instructor and perceived learning, and completed a lecture-retention test. Lectures were given by a man or woman, identified as straight or gay or lesbian. Sexual orientation did not affect the instructor evaluation or perceived learning ratings for any of the groups.

Motion by nearby players biases perception but not action in judgments of baseball destination.

In this research, the influence of irrelevant reference frames on estimates of ball destination was examined. In 3 experiments, confederate base runners and fielders served as distractor stimuli while balls were rolled from home plate to random locations along a barrier hidden under an elevated tarp between first and second base. Stationary participants estimated the position that the ball would exit from under the tarp if there were no barrier, whereas running participants ran along the back edge of the barrier and touched the top of the tarp above where they believed the ball would exit.

The Galileo bias: a naive conceptual belief that influences people's perceptions and performance in a ball-dropping task.

This research introduces a new naive physics belief, the Galileo bias, whereby people ignore air resistance and falsely believe that all objects fall at the same rate. Survey results revealed that this bias is held by many and is surprisingly strongest for those with formal physics instruction. In 2 experiments, 98 participants dropped ball pairs varying in volume and/or mass from a height of 10 m, with the goal of both balls hitting the ground simultaneously.

Independence and separability of volume and mass in the size-weight illusion.

Numerous size-weight illusion models were classified in the present article according to general recognition theory (Ashby & Townsend, 1986), wherein the illusion results from a lack of perceptual separability, perceptual independence, decisional separability, or a combination of the three. These options were tested in two experiments in which a feature-complete factorial design and multidimensional signal detection analysis were used (Kadlec & Townsend, 1992a, 1992b). With haptic touch alone, the illusion was associated with a lack of perceptual and decisional separability.