Depression and anxiety as mediators of the relationship between sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms among adolescents on a psychiatric inpatient unit.

This study investigated the relationship between sleep disturbance and somatic symptoms among adolescents residing on a psychiatric inpatient unit. Given the evidence that sleep disturbance may precede the onset of depression and anxiety and the clear associations between mood and somatic symptoms, depression and anxiety were considered as potential mediators of this relationship. Gender was tested as a potential moderator of the relationship between sleep disturbance and depression and anxiety, respectively.

Age, gender, and setting's effect on community pharmacists' stress and confidence in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Reports of increased stress among healthcare workers were commonplace during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about community pharmacists' experiences.

Objective: To characterize community pharmacists' stress and confidence during the early COVID-19 pandemic and identify associated factors.

Methods: Pharmacists who worked in a brick-and-mortar community pharmacy (e.

Personality predictors of 6-month readmission in adult psychiatric inpatients.

Readmission of psychiatric inpatients is highly prevalent and places a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Rehospitalisation is often used as a metric of quality of care in psychiatric settings, but little is known about how specific personality traits impact readmission in adult psychiatric inpatients. A convenience sample of 94 adults (mean age = 36.

Stress management interventions for adults with heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Stress management interventions (SMIs) targeting psychological stress and other psychosocial factors associated with heart failure (HF) morbidity and mortality are increasingly recommended for adults with HF. SMI content and delivery varies widely and meta-analyses are needed to synthesize current findings to identify gaps in the literature. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of SMIs for improving anxiety, depressive symptoms, exercise capacity, and disease-specific quality of life in adults with HF.

Brief, peer-delivered motivational interview promotes help seeking behavior among college students with needle anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

Needle anxiety symptoms are prevalent among college students and predict lack of engagement in student health initiatives including influenza immunization programs. Most do not seek treatment for their anxiety. To develop and test a peer-delivered, brief motivational interview to promote help-seeking behaviors among college students with needle anxiety symptoms.

Assessing an Epidemic: Utility of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition Level 2 Substance Use Screener in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients.

Background: Inpatient psychiatric hospitals provide an important point of care for assessing and stabilizing substance use and for facilitating linkage to appropriate treatment. Toxicology screening provides a key measure of substance use yet may miss many cases of substance use because of variable windows of detection and the limited scope of substances assessed. This study assesses the utility of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Level 2 Substance Use screener as a supplemental tool for identifying substance use by self-report within an inpatient psychiatric hospital setting.

Substance Use, HIV Serostatus Disclosure, and Sexual Risk Behavior in People Living with HIV: An Event-Level Analysis.

People living with HIV (PLWH) face difficult decisions about disclosing their HIV status to new sexual partners. Alcohol and other drug use could impact these decision-making processes and subsequent sexual risk behavior. We sought to examine the event-level relationships between substance use, HIV disclosure, and condom use in PLWH and their first-time HIV-negative or unknown status sexual partners.

Early identification of struggling learners: using prematriculation and early academic performance data.

Introduction: A perennial difficultly for remediation programmes in medical school is early identification of struggling learners so that resources and assistance can be applied as quickly as is practical. Our study investigated if early academic performance has predictive validity above and beyond pre-matriculation variables.

Methods: Using three cohorts of medical students, we used logistic regression modelling and negative binomial regression modelling to assess the strength of the relationships between measures of early academic performance and outcomes-later referral to the academic review and performance committee and total module score.

The impact of transcendental meditation on depressive symptoms and blood pressure in adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcendental Meditation (TM) as a stress management technique may offer an adjunctive strategy to improve health and well-being in adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: To examine the efficacy of TM to improve aspects of cardiovascular health and psychological functioning in adults with CVD.

Method: Studies (a) evaluating TM in adults with hypertension or CVD and (b) assessing a physiological or psychological outcome were retrieved and meta-analyzed.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) report psychological distress and poor physical functioning and may benefit from mindfulness training.

Purpose: To examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on psychological and physiological measures in adults with CVD using meta-analysis.

Methods: Comprehensive searches identified studies that (a) evaluated MBIs in adults with CVD or who had experienced a cardiac event, (b) included a comparison condition, and (c) assessed psychological (e.

PROMIS®-assessed sleep problems and physical health symptoms in adult psychiatric inpatients.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between sleep problems and somatic symptoms in a sample of adult psychiatric inpatients and evaluate the utility of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Sleep Disturbance Measure as a predictor of physical health symptom severity within this population.

Method: Ninety-five adults were assessed following admission to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Demographic and medical information were extracted via chart review.

Experiences of HIV-related discrimination and consequences for internalised stigma, depression and alcohol use.

HIV stigma undermines health and well-being of people living with HIV (PLWH). Conceptual work on stigma mechanisms suggests that experiences of stigma or discrimination increase internalised stigma. However, not all PLWH may internalise the HIV discrimination they experience.

The benefits of yoga for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) often experience psychological stress associated with disease management. This meta-analysis examines the benefits of yoga interventions on psychological distress among PLWHA.

Methods: Included were studies that (a) evaluated a yoga intervention in PLWHA; (b) provided between-group or within-group changes; and (c) assessed a psychological, physiological, or biomedical outcome.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adults Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on stress, psychological symptoms, and biomarkers of disease among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Comprehensive searches identified 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria (N = 1059; M age = 42 years; 20% women). Participants had been living with HIV for an average of 8 years (range = < 1-20 years); 65% were currently on antiretroviral therapy.

A Longitudinal Study of Commonly Used Admissions Measures and Disenrollment from Medical School and Graduate Medical Education Probation or Termination from Training.

Introduction: This is an empirical study to better understand commonly used medical school admission measures and disenrollment decisions during undergraduate medical education as well as graduate medical education (GME) probation or termination decisions.

Materials And Methods: Based on the data of USUHS medical students matriculating between 1998 and 2011 (N = 2,460), we compared medical school graduates and those disenrolled from medical school on MCAT scores, undergraduate BCPM (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Math) GPA, and undergraduate overall GPA. We also reported more specific reasons for disenrollment decisions.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Brief Internet-based Group Intervention to Reduce Sexual Transmission Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Gay and Bisexual Men.

Background: HIV disproportionately affects sexual minority men, and developing strategies to reduce transmission risk is a public health priority.

Purpose: The goal was to empirically test a newly developed, Information, Motivation, Behavioral skills (IMB) theoretically derived, online HIV sexual risk reduction intervention (called HINTS) among a sample of sexual minority men living with HIV.

Methods: Participants were 167 men randomized to either the four-session online HINTS intervention or to a time-matched, online control condition.

A brief information-motivation-behavioral skills intervention to promote human papillomavirus vaccination among college-aged women.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is prevalent among college-aged women. Although HPV vaccines decrease women's risk for cervical cancer, the vaccination rates remain inadequate.

Objective: This study explored the utility of an information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) intervention in promoting HPV vaccination knowledge, motivation, and intentions among college-aged women.

Online Partner Seeking and Sexual Risk Among HIV+ Gay and Bisexual Men: A Dialectical Perspective.

For almost two decades, researchers have explored the relationship between online partner seeking (OPS) and HIV/STI transmission risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM), including gay- and bisexual-identified men. A dichotomy has emerged with some findings that OPS is associated with greater sexual risk behavior, and a sparser but emerging literature that men may use OPS for sexual risk reduction. This study examined the association between proportion of partners met online and sexual risk behavior in a sample of 170 HIV-positive gay- and bisexual-identified men.

Randomized Factorial Trial of Phone-Delivered Support Counseling and Daily Text Message Reminders for HIV Treatment Adherence.

Background: HIV infection is clinically managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only with sustained adherence. Cost-efficient interventions to improve and sustain ART adherence remain a pressing priority for populations challenged by nonadherence. The aim of this study was to test the independent and interactive effects of (1) brief phone-delivered self-regulation counseling and (2) daily phone-delivered text message medication reminders on HIV adherence and HIV viral suppression.

Trauma symptoms, internalized stigma, social support, and sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive gay and bisexual MSM who have sought sex partners online.

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) remain the highest risk group for HIV infection. One reason is the increased use of the Internet to meet potential sex partners, which is associated with greater sexual risk behavior. To date, few studies have investigated psychosocial predictors of sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men seeking sex partners online.

The long-term career outcome study: lessons learned and implications for educational practice.

The work of the Long-Term Career Outcome Study has been a program of scholarship spanning 10 years. Borrowing from established quality assurance literature, the Long-Term Career Outcome Study team has organized its scholarship into three phases; before medical school, during medical school, and after medical school. The purpose of this commentary is to address two fundamental questions: (1) what has been learned? and (2) how does this knowledge translate to educational practice and policy now and into the future? We believe that answers to these questions are relevant not only to our institution but also to other educational institutions seeking to provide high-quality health professions education.

Assessing curriculum effectiveness: a survey of Uniformed Services University medical school graduates.

Purpose: This study assessed alumni perceptions of their preparedness for clinical practice using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies. We hypothesized that our alumni's perception of preparedness would be highest for military-unique practice and professionalism and lowest for system-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement.

Method: 1,189 alumni who graduated from the Uniformed Services University (USU) between 1980 and 2001 completed a survey modeled to assess the ACGME competencies on a 5-point, Likert-type scale.

Career accomplishments of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences medical graduates: classes 1980-2001.

Purpose: To report accomplishments of graduates of the F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine who have left, retired, or are near the end of their uniformed career in several professional domains: military career milestones, medical professional education, academic landmarks, and leadership.

Methods: This study utilized an earlier questionnaire that was modified to capture additional career landmarks and improve the clarity of several items.

Development and initial validation of a program director's evaluation form for third-year residents.

Background: Using a previously developed postgraduate year (PGY)-1 program director's evaluation survey, we developed a parallel form to assess more senior residents (PGY-3). The PGY-3 survey, which aligns with the core competencies established by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, also includes items that reflect our institution's military-unique context.

Purpose: To collect feasibility, reliability, and validity evidence for the new PGY-3 evaluation.

Are commonly used premedical school or medical school measures associated with board certification?

Purpose: To determine if there is an association between several commonly obtained premedical school and medical school measures and board certification performance. We specifically included measures from our institution for which we have predictive validity evidence into the internship year. We hypothesized that board certification would be most likely to be associated with clinical measures of performance during medical school, and with scores on standardized tests, whether before or during medical school.