A prognostic model for predicting functional impairment in youth mental health services.

Background: Functional impairment is a major concern among those presenting to youth mental health services and can have a profound impact on long-term outcomes. Early recognition and prevention for those at risk of functional impairment is essential to guide effective youth mental health care. Yet, identifying those at risk is challenging and impacts the appropriate allocation of indicated prevention and early intervention strategies.

Polygenic risk scores and help-seeking behaviour in young people with recent onset of mood and psychotic disorders.

Objectives: We examined associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression (PRS-MDD), psychosis (PRS-SCZ), bipolar disorders (PRS-BD) and neuroticism (PRS-NEU) and (i) help-seeking, and (ii) new onset cases of full-threshold mood or psychotic disorders in youth.

Methods: Help-seeking for mental health problems was assessed by self-report and mood and psychotic disorders were identified using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A principal component analysis of the four selected PRS identified two dimensions (BD-SCZ; MDD-NEU) that accounted for 69.

A footworm in the door: revising Onchocerca phylogeny with previously unknown cryptic species in wild North American ungulates.

Onchocerca is an important genus of vector-borne filarial nematodes that infect both humans and animals worldwide. Many Onchocerca spp., most of medical and veterinary health relevance, are the focus of a variety of diagnostic and molecular research.

Quantifying the interrelationships between physical, social, and cognitive-emotional components of mental fitness using digital technology.

Mental fitness is a construct that goes beyond a simple focus on subjective emotional wellbeing to encompass more broadly our ability to think, feel, and act to achieve what we want in our daily lives. The measurement and monitoring of multiple (often interacting) domains is crucial to gain a holistic and complete insight into an individual's mental fitness. We aimed to demonstrate the capability of a new mobile app to characterise the mental fitness of a general population of Australians and to quantify the interrelationships among different domains of mental fitness.

Trapped between food, heat, and insects: Movement of moose () and exposure to flies in the boreal forest of Alaska.

Moose () in the boreal forest habitats of Alaska are unlike other northern ungulates because they tolerate high densities of flies (Diptera) even though flies cause wounds and infections during the warm summer months. Moose move to find food and to find relief from overheating (hyperthermia) but do they avoid flies? We used GPS collars to measure the rate of movement (m⋅h) and the time spent (min⋅day) by enclosed moose in four habitats: wetlands, black spruce, early seral boreal forest, and late seral boreal forest. Fly traps were used in each habitat to quantify spatio-temporal abundance.

Chronotype and subjective sleep quality predict white matter integrity in young people with emerging mental disorders.

Protecting brain health is a goal of early intervention. We explored whether sleep quality or chronotype could predict white matter (WM) integrity in emerging mental disorders. Young people (N = 364) accessing early-intervention clinics underwent assessments for chronotype, subjective sleep quality, and diffusion tensor imaging.

Staging 2.0: refining transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks to enhance reliability and utility for youth mental health.

Globally, 75% of depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders emerge by age 25 years. However, these disorders are often preceded by non-specific symptoms or attenuated clinical syndromes. Difficulties in determining optimal treatment interventions for these emerging mental disorders, and uncertainties about accounting for co-occurring psychopathology and illness trajectories, have led many youth mental health services to adopt transdiagnostic clinical staging frameworks.

Patterns of stressful life events and polygenic scores for five mental disorders and neuroticism among adults with depression.

The dominant ('general') version of the diathesis-stress theory of depression views stressors and genetic vulnerability as independent risks. In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N = 14,146; 75% female), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGS) for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, ADHD, and neuroticism were associated with reported exposure to 32 childhood, past-year, lifetime, and accumulated stressful life events (SLEs). In false discovery rate-corrected models, the clearest PGS-SLE relationships were for the ADHD- and depression-PGSs, and to a lesser extent, the anxiety- and schizophrenia-PGSs.

Mapping gray and white matter volume abnormalities in early-onset psychosis: an ENIGMA multicenter voxel-based morphometry study.

Introduction: Regional gray matter (GM) alterations have been reported in early-onset psychosis (EOP, onset before age 18), but previous studies have yielded conflicting results, likely due to small sample sizes and the different brain regions examined. In this study, we conducted a whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis in a large sample of individuals with EOP, using the newly developed ENIGMA-VBM tool.

Methods: 15 independent cohorts from the ENIGMA-EOP working group participated in the study.

Evening Chronotypes With Depression Report Poorer Outcomes of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Survey-Based Study of Self-Ratings.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that evening chronotype is related to poorer efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is unknown whether this is specific to particular medications, self-rated chronotype, or efficacy.

Methods: In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (n = 15,108; 75% women; 18-90 years; 68% with ≥1 other lifetime diagnosis), a survey recorded experiences with 10 antidepressants, and the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to estimate chronotype.

A scoping review to identify barriers and facilitators of research participation among chiropractic faculty.

Objective: To describe peer-reviewed literature on chiropractic faculty participation in research and identify important barriers and facilitators.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using comprehensive searches of relevant databases from inception through November 2022. English language publications of any design were included, with search terms consisting of subject headings specific to each database and free text words related to chiropractic, faculty, and research.

Tracking reproductive events: Hoof growth and steroid hormone concentrations in hair and hoof tissues in moose ().

Measurements of reproductive and stress-related hormones in keratinous tissues (e.g. hair, claws, hooves, baleen) can provide a record of stress and reproductive response in wildlife.

Polygenic risk scores and the prediction of onset of mood and psychotic disorders in adolescents and young adults.

Aim: To examine whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for neuroticism, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are higher in individuals manifesting trans-diagnostic risk factors for the development of major mental disorders and whether PRS enhance prediction of early onset full-threshold disorders.

Methods: Using data from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study, we examined individual PRS for neuroticism, depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, recorded evidence of subthreshold syndromes and family history of mood and/or psychotic disorders and noted progression to trans-diagnostic clinical caseness (onset of major mental disorders) at follow-up. We undertook multivariate, receiver operating curve and logistic regression analyses that were adjusted for known variables of influence (age, twin status, and so on).

Electronic health record time-tracking provides real-time data to measure and benchmark dietitian productivity.

Background: Traditional methods for benchmarking dietitian productivity are time-consuming and fail to accurately measure the total time spent providing nutrition care. An electronic health record (EHR)-based tool that allows for daily tracking of both face-to-face and patient care coordination time for dietitians was created. We assessed whether it provided consistent, continuous measurement of time and productivity.

The temporal dependencies between social, emotional and physical health factors in young people receiving mental healthcare: a dynamic Bayesian network analysis.

Aims: The needs of young people attending mental healthcare can be complex and often span multiple domains (e.g., social, emotional and physical health factors).

Developing Culturally Appropriate Content for a Child-Rearing App to Support Young Children's Socioemotional and Cognitive Development in Afghanistan: Co-Design Study.

Background: Optimal child-rearing practices can help mitigate the consequences of detrimental social determinants of health in early childhood. Given the ubiquity of personal digital technologies worldwide, the direct delivery of evidence-based information about early childhood development holds great promise. However, to make the content of these novel systems effective, it is crucial to incorporate place-based cultural beliefs, traditions, circumstances, and value systems of end users.

Parenting app to support socio-emotional and cognitive development in early childhood: iterative codesign learnings from nine low-income and middle-income countries.

Objective: Many children in low-income and middle-income countries are disadvantaged in achieving early developmental potential in childhood as they lack the necessary support from their surroundings, including from parents and caregivers. Digital technologies, such as smartphone apps, coupled with iterative codesign to engage end-users in the technology-delivered content development stages, can help overcome gaps in early child development (ECD). We describe the iterative codesign and quality improvement process that informs the development of content for the , localised for nine countries in Asia and Africa.

Evaluation of an electronic medical record-based Paediatric Nutrition Screening Tool.

Background: Nutrition screening is recommended to identify children at risk for malnutrition. A unique screening tool was developed based on American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommendations and embedded in the electronic medical record to assess for nutrition risk.

Methods: The components of the tool included the Paediatric Nutrition Screening Tool (PNST) and other elements recommended by ASPEN.

Dynamic modelling of chronotype and hypo/manic and depressive symptoms in young people with emerging mental disorders.

There is significant interest in the possible influence of chronotype on clinical states in young people with emerging mental disorders. We apply a dynamic approach (bivariate latent change score modelling) to examine the possible prospective influence of chronotype on depressive and hypo/manic symptoms in a youth cohort with predominantly depressive, bipolar, and psychotic disorders ( = 118; 14-30-years), who completed a baseline and follow-up assessment of these constructs (mean interval = 1.8-years).