Inclusivity and decolonisation of the post-graduate public health curriculum: Reflections from a student-led approach.

The future of successful public health practice requires public health students to be educated within a decolonised curriculum that challenges the historical biases and inequalities that are deeply embedded within global public health and society. In this commentary, we reflect on what it can mean and why it's important to decolonise and diversify a public health curriculum. We describe how we used a student-led approach to begin this process, and share recommendations that are applicable to national and international curricula.

Highly reversible extrinsic electrocaloric effects over a wide temperature range in epitaxially strained SrTiO films.

Electrocaloric effects have been experimentally studied in ferroelectrics and incipient ferroelectrics, but not incipient ferroelectrics driven ferroelectric using strain. Here we use optimally oriented interdigitated surface electrodes to investigate extrinsic electrocaloric effects in low-loss epitaxial SrTiO films near the broad second-order 243 K ferroelectric phase transition created by biaxial in-plane coherent tensile strain from DyScO substrates. Our extrinsic electrocaloric effects are an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding effects in bulk SrTiO over a wide range of temperatures including room temperature, and unlike electrocaloric effects associated with first-order transitions they are highly reversible in unipolar applied fields.

A Transfer Hydrogenation Approach to Activity-Based Sensing of Formate in Living Cells.

Formate is a major reactive carbon species in one-carbon metabolism, where it serves as an endogenous precursor for amino acid and nucleic acid biosynthesis and a cellular source of NAD(P)H. On the other hand, aberrant elevations in cellular formate are connected to progression of serious diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Traditional methods for formate detection in biological environments often rely on sample destruction or extensive processing, resulting in a loss of spatiotemporal information.

Oxidative cyclization reagents reveal tryptophan cation-π interactions.

Methods for selective covalent modification of amino acids on proteins can enable a diverse array of applications, spanning probes and modulators of protein function to proteomics. Owing to their high nucleophilicity, cysteine and lysine residues are the most common points of attachment for protein bioconjugation chemistry through acid-base reactivity. Here we report a redox-based strategy for bioconjugation of tryptophan, the rarest amino acid, using oxaziridine reagents that mimic oxidative cyclization reactions in indole-based alkaloid biosynthetic pathways to achieve highly efficient and specific tryptophan labelling.

The Tool for Automatic Measurement of Morphological Information (TAMMI).

This study documents and assesses the Tool for Automatic Measurement of Morphological Information (TAMMI), which calculates measures related to basic morpheme counts, morphological variety, morphological complexity, morpheme type-token counts, and variables found in the MorphoLex database (Sánchez-Gutiérrez et al., 2018) including morpheme frequency/length, morpheme family size counts and frequency, and morpheme hapax counts. These measures are assessed in two studies that include a word frequency measure as a control variable.

Impact of Low-Temperature Water Exposure and Removal on Zeolite HY.

Aqueous-phase postsynthetic modifications of the industrially important Y-type zeolite are commonly used to change overall acid site concentrations, introduce stabilizing rare-earth cations, impart bifunctional character through metal cation exchange, and tailor the distribution of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. Zeolite Y is known to undergo framework degradation in the presence of both vapor- and liquid-phase water at temperatures exceeding 100 °C, and rare-earth exchanged and stabilized HY catalysts are commonly used for fluidized catalytic cracking due to their increased hydrothermal resilience. Here, using detailed spectroscopy, crystallography, and flow-reactor experiments, we reveal unexpected decreases in Brønsted acid site (BAS) density for zeolite HY following exposure even to room-temperature liquid water.

Shikonin and Juglone Inhibit Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase a (Mt-PTPa).

Low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (LMW-PTPs) are involved in promoting the intracellular survival of (Mtb), the causative organism of tuberculosis. These PTPs directly alter host signalling pathways to evade the hostile environment of macrophages and avoid host clearance. Among these, protein tyrosine phosphatase A (Mt-PTPa) is implicated in phagosome acidification failure, thereby inhibiting phagosome maturation to promote () survival.

"They Tarred Me with the Same Brush": Navigating Stigma in the Context of Child Removal.

Child removals are increasing in England and Wales. Family court involvement is particularly common among women with multiple disadvantages, and the rates are higher in economically marginalised areas. This article aims to explore women's narratives of child removal within life stories of homelessness and examines how stigma, power and State surveillance manifest in their experiences.

Lexical and phraseological differences between second language written and spoken opinion responses.

This study examines differences in lexical and phraseological complexity features between second language (L2) written and spoken opinion responses classification analysis. The study further examines the characteristics of L2 written and spoken responses that were misclassified in terms of lexical and phraseological differences, L2 learners' vocabulary knowledge, and raters' judgments of L2 use. The goal is to more thoroughly explore potential differences in lexical and phraseological production based on modality.

Social capital and women's narratives of homelessness and multiple exclusion in northern England.

Women experiencing three or more co-occurring issues (homelessness, substance misuse, mental health) are a highly vulnerable population associated with multimorbidity. Taking women's life stories of trajectories into social exclusion in the north of England as its focus, this paper aims to explore the complexity of social contexts in which women navigate extreme health inequalities. Of the few studies that have examined women's experiences of homelessness through the lens of social capital, most have focused on network size, rather than the quality and influence of the relationships which precipitate or contextualise experiences of social exclusion.

3D-Printing Physical Activity in Youth: An Autotopographical Approach to Behaviour Change.

The conceptualisation and visualisation of physical activity through 3D-printed objects offers a unique means by which to elicit positive behaviour change. This study aimed to explore whether 3D-printed models of physical activity obtain autotopographical meaning in youths and the influence of such models on their sense of personal and social identity. Following participation in a seven-week faded intervention, whereby habitual physical activity was measured and used to create individual 3D models, the views of 61 participants (36 boys; 10.

The persuasive essays for rating, selecting, and understanding argumentative and discourse elements (PERSUADE) corpus 1.0.

This paper introduces the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and Understanding Argumentative and Discourse Elements (PERSUADE) corpus.The PERSUADE corpus is large-scale corpus of writing with annotated discourse elements. The goal of the corpus is to spur the development of new, open-source scoring algorithms that identify discourse elements in argumentative writing to open new avenues for the development of automatic writing evaluation systems that focus more specifically on the semantic and organizational elements of student writing.

Antigenic Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Use against H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.

Since 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1,500 human infections and the culling of millions of poultry. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination, H7N9 AIVs continue to circulate among poultry in China and pose a threat to human health. Previously, we isolated and generated four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV.

An Activity-Based Oxaziridine Platform for Identifying and Developing Covalent Ligands for Functional Allosteric Methionine Sites: Redox-Dependent Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4.

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a versatile strategy for identifying and characterizing functional protein sites and compounds for therapeutic development. However, the vast majority of ABPP methods for covalent drug discovery target highly nucleophilic amino acids such as cysteine or lysine. Here, we report a methionine-directed ABPP platform using Redox-Activated Chemical Tagging (ReACT), which leverages a biomimetic oxidative ligation strategy for selective methionine modification.

O Labeling Reveals Paired Active Sites in Zeolite Catalysts.

Current needs for extending zeolite catalysts beyond traditional gas-phase hydrocarbon chemistry demand detailed characterization of active site structures, distributions, and hydrothermal impacts. A broad suite of homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR correlation experiments on dehydrated H-ZSM-5 catalysts with isotopically enriched O frameworks reveals that at least two types of paired active sites exist, the amount of which depends on the population of fully framework-coordinated tetrahedral Al (Al(IV)-1) and partially framework-coordinated tetrahedral Al (Al(IV)-2) sites, both of which can be denoted as (SiO)-Al(OH). The relative amounts of Al(IV)-1 and Al(IV)-2 sites, and subsequent pairing, cannot be inferred from the catalyst Si/Al ratio, but depend on synthetic and postsynthetic modifications.

Evaluation of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs) on disposable electrodes for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.

We investigate electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs) for the selective recognition of SARS-CoV-2 whole virus. E-MIPs imprinted with SARS-CoV-2 pseudoparticles (pps) were electrochemically deposited onto screen printed electrodes by reductive electropolymerization, using the water-soluble N-hydroxmethylacrylamide (NHMA) as functional monomer and crosslinked with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm). E-MIPs for SARS-CoV-2 showed selectivity for template SARS-CoV-2 pps, with an imprinting factor of 3:1, and specificity (significance = 0.

Do Struggling Adult Readers Monitor Their Reading? Understanding the Role of Online and Offline Comprehension Monitoring Processes During Reading.

Comprehension monitoring is a meta-cognitive skill that is defined as the ability to self-evaluate one's comprehension of text. Although it is known that struggling adult readers are poor at monitoring their comprehension, additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying comprehension monitoring and their role in reading comprehension in this population. This study used a comprehension monitoring task with struggling adult readers, which included online eye movements (reread and regression path durations) and an offline verbal protocol (oral explanations of key information).

A large-scaled corpus for assessing text readability.

This paper introduces the CommonLit Ease of Readability (CLEAR) corpus, which provides unique readability scores for ~ 5000 text excerpts along with information about the excerpt's year of publishing, genre, and other metadata. The CLEAR corpus will provide researchers interested in discourse processing and reading with a resource from which to develop and test readability metrics and to model text readability. The CLEAR corpus includes a number of improvements in comparison to previous readability corpora including size, breadth of the excerpts available, which cover over 250 years of writing in two different genres, and unique readability criterion provided for each text based on teachers' ratings of text difficulty for student readers.

Age of Exposure 2.0: Estimating word complexity using iterative models of word embeddings.

Age of acquisition (AoA) is a measure of word complexity which refers to the age at which a word is typically learned. AoA measures have shown strong correlations with reading comprehension, lexical decision times, and writing quality. AoA scores based on both adult and child data have limitations that allow for error in measurement, and increase the cost and effort to produce.

Precision communication: Physicians' linguistic adaptation to patients' health literacy.

Little quantitative research has explored which clinician skills and behaviors facilitate communication. Mutual understanding is especially challenging when patients have limited health literacy (HL). Two strategies hypothesized to improve communication include matching the complexity of language to patients’ HL (“universal tailoring”); or always using simple language (“universal precautions”).

Validity of a Computational Linguistics-Derived Automated Health Literacy Measure Across Race/Ethnicity: Findings from The ECLIPPSE Project.

Limited health literacy (HL) partially mediates health disparities. Measurement constraints, including lack of validity assessment across racial/ethnic groups and administration challenges, have undermined the field and impeded scaling of HL interventions. We employed computational linguistics to develop an automated and novel HL measure, analyzing >300,000 messages sent by >9,000 diabetes patients via a patient portal to create a Literacy Profiles.

Strain Gradient Elasticity in SrTiO Membranes: Bending versus Stretching.

Young's modulus determines the mechanical loads required to elastically stretch a material and also the loads required to bend it, given that bending stretches one surface while compressing the opposite one. Flexoelectric materials have the additional property of becoming electrically polarized when bent. The associated energy cost can additionally contribute to elasticity via strain gradients, particularly at small length scales where they are geometrically enhanced.