Methadone clinic staff perceptions of trauma-informed and patient-centered care: the role of individual staff characteristics.

Background: U.S. policy intervention to increase methadone treatment accommodations during COVID did not result in national adoption of the new patient-centered treatment practices.

Early changes in the gut microbiota are associated with weight outcomes over 2 years following metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Objective: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is associated with substantial, but variable, weight outcomes. The gut microbiome may be a factor in determining weight trajectory, but examination has been limited by a lack of longitudinal studies with robust microbiome sequencing. This study aimed to describe changes in the microbiome and associations with weight outcomes more than 2 years post surgery.

Evaluating the role of binge planning and binge inevitability within affect regulation models of binge eating.

Affect regulation models posit that aversive affective states drive binge-eating behavior, which then regulates negative emotions. However, recent findings among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED) suggest that food-related anticipatory processes may precede and potentially explain the negative affect thought to drive binge eating. Specifically, studies using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) demonstrate that the negative affective state of "Guilt" (from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) most strongly predicts later binge eating in the natural environment, and it has been hypothesized that planning a binge or feeling that a binge-eating episode is inventible may account for the increases in Guilt observed prior to binge episodes.

Examining the bidirectional longitudinal associations between body mass index and episodic memory following bariatric surgery.

Background: The relationship between obesity and episodic memory (i.e., conscious memory for specific events) is hypothesized to be bidirectional.

Disordered eating behavior and dietary intake prior to metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Disordered eating is a concern for patients seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), but little is known about how these behaviors are reflected in typical dietary intake prior to surgery.

Objectives: This study examined the relationships between disordered eating behavior and the content and context of typical dietary intake among patients seeking MBS using an innovative combination of rigorous self-report and interview assessments.

Setting: Participants were recruited from two academic medical centers in the United States.

ASAP: A pharmacy-level intervention to increase nonprescription syringe sales to reduce bloodborne illnesses.

Background: Pharmacy syringe sales are effective structural interventions to reduce bloodborne illnesses in populations, and are legal in all but two states. Yet evidence indicates reduced syringe sales in recent years. This study was designed as a feasibility test of an intervention to promote syringe sales by pharmacies in Arizona.

An examination of state and trait urgency in individuals with binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Negative urgency (i.e., acting rashly when experiencing negative affect; NU), is a theorised maintenance factor in binge-eating type eating disorders.

Determinants of Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Concordance Across Anatomic Sites in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women, 3 U.S. Cities, 2016-2018.

Background: Among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW), the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections at different anatomical sites are not well understood. Information on HPV concordance between anatomic sites can inform the extent of autoinoculation, and susceptibility of different anatomic areas to HPV infection. We described and assessed correlates of HPV concordance across anal, oral, and genital samples.

Changes in evening-shifted loss of control eating severity following treatment for binge-eating disorder.

Background: Loss of control eating is more likely to occur in the evening and is uniquely associated with distress. No studies have examined the effect of treatment on within-day timing of loss of control eating severity. We examined whether time of day differentially predicted loss of control eating severity at baseline (i.

Come back when you're infected: pharmacy access to sterile syringes in an Arizona Secret Shopper Study, 2023.

Background: Pharmacies are critical healthcare partners in community efforts to eliminate bloodborne illnesses. Pharmacy sale of sterile syringes is central to this effort.

Methods: A mixed methods "secret shopper" syringe purchase study was conducted in the fall of 2022 with 38 community pharmacies in Maricopa and Pima Counties, Arizona.

Momentary skills use predicts decreased binge eating and purging early in day treatment: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Objective: Emerging research indicates that skills acquisition may be important to behavior change in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for eating disorders. This study investigated whether skills use assessed in real time during the initial 4 weeks of CBT-based day treatment was associated with momentary eating disorder behavior change and rapid response to treatment.

Methods: Participants with DSM-5 bulimia nervosa or purging disorder (N = 58) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) several times daily for the first 28 days of treatment.

The Impact of Medicaid Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act on the Gap Between American Indians and Whites in Breast Cancer Management and Prognosis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) death rates in the USA have not significantly declined for American Indians (AIs) in comparison to Whites. Our objective was to determine whether Medicaid Expansion as part of the Affordable Care Act led to improved BC outcomes for AIs relative to Whites.

Patients And Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Assessment and treatment of compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa - A combined investigation of Compulsive Exercise Activity Therapy (LEAP) and Compulsive Exercise Test subscales.

Introduction: Compulsive exercise is a transdiagnostic feature of eating disorders which adversely affects aspects of recovery, such as length of hospitalisation, risk of a chronic outcome, and risk of relapse. CompuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP) aims to reduce compulsive exercise through a cognitive behavioural approach. This study aims to investigate the effect of LEAP on compulsive exercise behaviour using subscales of the Compulsive Exercise Test (CET), a measure of exercise in individuals with eating disorders.

Evaluating dietary restriction as a maintaining factor in binge-eating disorder.

Objective: Prominent theories of binge-eating (BE) maintenance highlight dietary restriction as a key precipitant of BE episodes. Consequently, treatment approaches for eating disorders (including binge-eating disorder; BED) seek to reduce dietary restriction in order to improve BE symptoms. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary restriction promotes BE among 112 individuals with BED.

Managing the common problem of co-occurring mental health conditions in eating disorders: A commentary on Wade et al. (2023).

It is well known that individuals with an eating disorder frequently experience a wide range of co-occurring mental health conditions which significantly impact eating disorders and quality of life. Clinicians attempt a variety of strategies to deal with the behavioral complexity of such co-occurrence, but little is known about empirically based interventions to treat this common comorbidity. The approach articulated by Wade and Colleagues highlights a potentially valuable strategy for empirically examining a range of treatment strategies to target the full spectrum of eating disorder psychopathology experienced by most patients with eating disorders.

Longer-Term Weight Loss Outcomes Are Not Primarily Driven by Diet Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective long-term treatment for Class III obesity. Reduced dietary intake is considered a behavioral driver of post-surgical weight loss, but limited data have examined this association. Therefore, this study examined prospective, longitudinal relationships between dietary intake and weight loss over 24 months following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Causal discovery analysis: A promising tool in advancing precision medicine for eating disorders.

Objective: Precision medicine (i.e., individually tailored treatments) represents an optimal goal for treating complex psychiatric disorders, including eating disorders.

Examining sex differences in the association between sedentary behavior and cognitive function in bariatric surgery patients.

Background: Obesity is associated with cognitive impairment. A potential contributor to these deficits is sedentary behavior (SB), which is linked to poorer cognitive functioning in other populations. Little is known about the association between SB and cognitive function in bariatric surgery populations.

Differences in Breast Cancers Among American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Whites in the USA.

Importance: Breast cancer (BC) death rates have not improved for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, whereas, it has significantly decreased for non-Hispanic White (White) women.

Objective: Delineate the differences in patient and tumor characteristics among AI/AN and Whites with BC, and its impact on age and stage at diagnosis as well as overall survival (OS).

Methods: Hospital-based, cohort study using the National Cancer Database to identify female AI/AN and Whites diagnosed with BC between the years 2004 and 2016.

Daily self-weighing compared with an active control causes greater negative affective lability in emerging adult women: A randomized trial.

Age-related weight gain prevention may reduce population overweight/obesity. Emerging adulthood is a crucial time to act, as rate of gain accelerates and health habits develop. Evidence supports self-weighing (SW) for preventing weight gain; however, how SW impacts psychological states and behaviors in vulnerable groups is unclear.

Ecological momentary assessment of mood regulation eating expectancies in eating disorders: Convergent and predictive validity.

Objective: Eating expectancies (EE) are the anticipation of various benefits or detriments from eating, with mood regulation being a salient type of EE associated with eating disorders. This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) mood regulation EE items, including mood improvement and mood worsening EE.

Methods: Thirty women with binge-eating pathology completed a 14-day EMA protocol, which included measures of mood regulation EE, affect, appetite, appearance- and body-related factors and disordered-eating behaviours.