A Scoping Review of Intervention Outcomes for School Students With Communication Difficulties.

Purpose: For speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in schools, outcome measurement is an important element of practice, enabling us to evaluate the efficacy of our service provision and guiding future decision making, funding, and resource allocation. When selecting outcomes to measure, it is helpful to consider both the level at which change may be occurring and the extent or impact of that change. The primary aim of this review was to identify the outcomes measured in intervention studies for school-aged children with speech, language, and communication difficulties (SLCD) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to classify the outcomes.

A systematic review of exercise studies for individuals hospitalized with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Focus on the principles of exercise training.

Background: For exercise interventions to be effectively reproduced or applied in a "real world" clinical setting, clinical trials must thoroughly document all components of the exercise prescription and ensure that participants adhere to each component. However, previous reviews have not critically examined the quality of exercise prescription of inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programs.

Objective: The objectives of this review were to evaluate the (a) application of the principles of exercise training, (b) reporting of the frequency, intensity, time and type (FITT) components of exercise prescription, and (c) reporting of patient's adherence to the FITT components in intervention studies for patients admitted to hospital for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Benefits of a professional development course on transcription for practising speech-language pathologists.

Transcription of speech sounds is a fundamental skill used by speech-language pathologists. Little is known about the impact of professional development courses on transcription accuracy and confidence. This study explored speech-language pathologists' use and perceptions of transcription and the effect of a professional development course on their transcription accuracy and confidence.

Diagnosing inconsistent phonological disorder: quantitative and qualitative measures.

Studies of children's consistency of word production allow identification of speech sound disorder. Inconsistent errors are reported for two groups of children: (CAS) due to difficulty with the motoric precision and consistency of speech movements; and (IPD) attributed to impaired phonological planning. This paper describes the inconsistent productions of children with IPD in comparison to typically developing children.

Scoping review of telehealth use by Indigenous populations from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.

Introduction: Telehealth has the potential to address health disparities experienced by Indigenous people, especially in remote areas. This scoping review aims to map and characterize the existing evidence on telehealth use by Indigenous people and explore the key concepts for effective use, cultural safety, and building therapeutic relationships.

Methods: A search for published and gray literature, written in English, and published between 2000 and 2022 was completed in 17 electronic databases.

Safety and Efficacy of Inpatient Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients Hospitalized with an Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) during hospitalization for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) occurs during a period of disease instability for the patient, and the safety and efficacy of PR, specifically during the hospitalization period, have not been established. The purpose of this review is to determine the safety and efficacy of PR during the hospitalization phase for individuals with AECOPD. Scientific databases were searched up to August 2022 for randomized controlled trials that compared in-hospital PR with usual care.

The exploration of speech-language pathology students' perceptions and attitudes towards written clinical reflection.

Written clinical reflection is frequently used in speech-language pathology training programs to develop student clinical skills. The aim of this study was to explore speech-language pathology students' perceptions towards written clinical reflection. Seventy-two undergraduate speech-language pathology students completed an online survey.

Preschool children's consistency of word production.

Consistency of word production contributes to carers' ability to understand children's speech. Reports of the proportion of words produced consistently by typically developing preschool children, however, vary widely from 17% to 87%. This paper examines the quantitative (consistency count) and qualitative (e.

Is children's speech development changing? Preliminary evidence from Australian English-speaking 3-year-olds.

Around 9% of children have difficulty acquiring intelligible speech despite typical sensory, neuro-motor and cognitive function. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) rely on descriptions of children's speech errors to identify speech sound disorder (SSD) and determine intervention targets and goals. Existing normative data, however, need re-evaluation to reflect changes in populations and the language learning environment.

Safety and efficacy of inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for patients hospitalised with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) following an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) reduces the risk of hospital admissions, and improves physical function and health-related quality of life. However, the safety and efficacy of in-hospital PR during the most acute phase of an AECOPD is not well established. This paper describes the protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the safety and efficacy of inpatient acute care PR during the hospitalisation phase.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and functional behaviours among people on dialysis.

Background: The feasibility of wrist-worn accelerometers, and the patterns and determinants of physical activity, among people on dialysis are uncertain.

Methods: People on maintenance dialysis were fitted with a wrist-worn AxivityAX3 accelerometer. Subsets also wore a 14-day electrocardiograph patch (ZioPatchXT) and wearable cameras.

Virtual Care for Indigenous Populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: Indigenous people in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand experience an increased burden of chronic diseases compared to non-Indigenous people in these countries. Lack of necessary services and culturally relevant care for Indigenous people contributes to this burden. Many Indigenous communities have implemented systems, such as virtual care, to improve chronic disease management.

Feasibility of Telemonitoring Blood Pressure in Patients With Kidney Disease (Oxford Heart and Renal Protection Study-1): Observational Study.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) is a key modifiable risk factor for patients with CKD, with current guidelines recommending strict control to reduce the risk of both progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. Trials of BP lowering require multiple visits to achieve target BP which increases the costs of such trials, and in routine care BP measured in clinic may not accurately reflect usual BP.

Objective: We sought to assess whether a telemonitoring system for BP (using a Bluetooth-enable BP machine which could transmit BP measurements to a tablet device which had a bespoke app to guide measurement of BP and collect questionnaire data) was acceptable to patients with CKD, and whether patients would provide sufficient BP readings to assess variability and guide treatment.

Using the simplified case mix tool (sCMT) to identify cost in special care dental services to support commissioning.

Unlabelled: To commission dental services for vulnerable (special care) patient groups effectively, consistently and fairly an evidence base is needed of the costs involved. The simplified Case Mixed Tool (sCMT) can assess treatment mode complexity for these patient groups.

Objective: To determine if the sCMT can be used to identify costs of service provision.

Plasmonic enhancement of dye sensitized solar cells via a tailored size-distribution of chemically functionalized gold nanoparticles.

A substantial and stable increase of the current density Jsc of ruthenium (Ru) dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) of up to 16.18% and of the power efficiency of up to 25.5% is demonstrated in this article via plasmonic enhancement.

Narrative skills of children born preterm.

Background: The majority of children born preterm are considered neurologically normal and free of disability. However, follow-up studies at school age report that preterm children born without major impairment have more subtle impairments, including language difficulties, which influence their ability to function. These findings indicate a need to examine specific language-processing skills in children born preterm across the school years.

The impact of selecting different contrasts in phonological therapy.

Previous research indicates that the extent of progress made by children with phonological disorders depends upon the nature of the word pairs contrasted in therapy. For example, phonemes that differ maximally in terms of place, manner, voicing and sound class (e.g.

Consent in practice: a case review.

Children under 16 years of age can give their own consent to treatment if deemed 'Fraser' competent. Parents of a 14-year-old boy had refused consent for him to receive BCG immunisation but he wished to be immunised. Although he met the criteria for 'Fraser' competence, the nurse did not immunise him.

Differentiating normal variability from inconsistency in children's speech: normative data.

Background: In young, typically developing children, some word production variability is expected, but highly inconsistent speech is considered a clinical marker for disorder. Speech-language pathologists need to identify variability versus inconsistency, yet these terms are not clearly differentiated. Not only is it important to identify inconsistency, but also it needs to be defined and measured so that clinical decisions are evidence based.

Intervention for children with severe speech disorder: a comparison of two approaches.

Background: Children with speech disorder are a heterogeneous group (e.g. in terms of severity, types of errors and underlying causal factors).

Phonological development: a normative study of British English-speaking children.

This paper reports a normative study on the phonological development of British English-speaking children. Speech samples of 684 children, aged between 3;0 and 6;11 years, randomly selected from nurseries and schools in eight different areas throughout the UK, were collected and analysed to obtain normative data. This paper reports on two aspects of speech development: the age of acquisition of sounds (phonetic acquisition) and the age that error patterns were suppressed (phonemic acquisition).

Mass spectrometric detection and measurement of N2-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)PhIP adducts in DNA.

Capillary column gas chromatography-electron-capture mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and microbore liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been used to measure the carcinogenic, food-derived, heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) adducted at C-8 of deoxyguanosine in DNA. For GC-MS analysis, PhIP was released from adducted DNA by alkaline hydrolysis and analysed as the di(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl) derivative, while for LC-MS analysis, the nucleoside N2-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)PhIP was generated by enzymic digestion of DNA and analysed intact. A deuterated analogue of N2-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)PhIP was used as an internal standard in both assays, which each had a limit of quantification of 200 pg/500 microg DNA.

An investigation into the role of rat skeletal muscle as a site for xenobiotic metabolism using microsomes and isolated cells.

1. The role of skeletal muscle microsomes as a site of extrahepatic xenobiotic metabolism using n-hexane as a model substrate was investigated. The observed cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism was compared with that found with liver, and brain microsomal fractions.

Metabolism of n-hexane by rat liver and extrahepatic tissues and the effect of cytochrome P-450 inducers.

1. The in vitro metabolism of n-hexane was studied in rat liver, lung, brain and skeletal muscle microsomes and in microsomes prepared from cell lines expressing human cytochrome P-450 2E1 or 2B6. The hydroxylated metabolites of n-hexane were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectometry.