Incretin Mimetics as Potential Disease Modifying Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative condition that exerts a significant global burden. Despite recent efforts, disease modifying therapies remain extremely limited, with a tremendous proportion of patients having to rely on symptomatic treatment only. Epidemiological and pathological overlaps exist between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus type 2, with people with diabetes mellitus type 2 at a significantly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in the future.

m6a methylation orchestrates IMP1 regulation of microtubules during human neuronal differentiation.

Neuronal differentiation requires building a complex intracellular architecture, and therefore the coordinated regulation of defined sets of genes. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in this regulation. However, while their action on individual mRNAs has been explored in depth, the mechanisms used to coordinate gene expression programs shaping neuronal morphology are poorly understood.

Performance of health care service area definitions for capturing variation in inpatient care and social determinants of health.

Objective: To quantify the degree to which health care service area (HCSA) definitions captured hospitalizations and heterogeneity in social determinants of health (SDOH).

Data Sources And Study Setting: Geospatial data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Census Bureau, and the Dartmouth Institute. Drive-time isochrones from MapBox.

Covid-19: virology, variants, and vaccines.

As of 25 January 2022, over 349 million individuals have received a confirmed diagnosis of covid-19, with over 5.59 million confirmed deaths associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The covid-19 pandemic has prompted an extensive global effort to study the molecular evolution of the virus and develop vaccines to prevent its spread.

European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2: Current Understanding, Unknowns, and Recommendations on the Neurological Complications of COVID-19.

The emergence of COVID-19 was rapidly followed by infection and the deaths of millions of people across the globe. With much of the research and scientific advancement rightly focused on reducing the burden of severe and critical acute COVID-19 infection, the long-term effects endured by those who survived the acute infection has been previously overlooked. Now, an appreciation for the post-COVID-19 condition, including its neurological manifestations, is growing, although there remain many unknowns regarding the etiology and risk factors of the condition, as well as how to effectively diagnose and treat it.

Multimodal Analysis of the Visual Pathways in Friedreich's Ataxia Reveals Novel Biomarkers.

Background: Optic neuropathy is a near ubiquitous feature of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Previous studies have examined varying aspects of the anterior and posterior visual pathways but none so far have comprehensively evaluated the heterogeneity of degeneration across different areas of the retina, changes to the macula layers and combined these with volumetric MRI studies of the visual cortex and frataxin level.

Methods: We investigated 62 genetically confirmed FRDA patients using an integrated approach as part of an observational cohort study.

Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives and health of people around the globe. As of 4 July 2021, more than 183 million confirmed cases of covid-19 had been recorded worldwide, and 3.97 million deaths.

Analysis of Medicare Advantage Plans' Supplemental Benefits and Variation by County.

This cross-sectional study examines the uptake of several newly allowable Medicare Advantage benefits in 2021 as well as geographic differences in benefit offerings between rural and urban areas, plan penetration, and social vulnerability.

The Past Decade of Paying for Value : From the Affordable Care Act to COVID-19.

The Affordable Care Act played a major role in transitioning American health care away from fee-for-service payment. We explore the spread of payment reforms since the implementation of the ACA, both nationally and in North Carolina; the corresponding effects on health care costs and quality; and further steps needed to achieve greater transformation.

Stream segregation revisited: Dynamic listening and influences of emotional context on stream perception and attention.

A classical experiment of auditory stream segregation is revisited, reconceptualising perceptual ambiguity in terms of affordances and musical engagement. Specifically, three experiments are reported that investigate how listeners' perception of auditory sequences change dynamically depending on emotional context. The experiments show that listeners adapt their attention to higher or lower pitched streams (Experiments 1 and 2) and the degree of auditory stream integration or segregation (Experiment 3) in accordance with the presented emotional context.

Improving Cardiovascular Drug and Device Development and Evidence Through Patient-Centered Research and Clinical Trials: A Call to Action From the Value in Healthcare Initiative's Partnering With Regulators Learning Collaborative.

The pipeline of new cardiovascular drugs is relatively limited compared with many other clinical areas. Challenges causing lagging drug innovation include the duration and expense of cardiovascular clinical trials needed for regulatory evaluation and approvals, which generally must demonstrate noninferiority to existing standards of care and measure longer-term outcomes. By comparison, there has been substantial progress in cardiovascular device innovation.

Music listening and hearing aids: perspectives from audiologists and their patients.

Two studies explored hearing-aid user and audiologist experiences of hearing-aid use and fitting for music in the UK. One-hundred-seventy-six hearing-aid users (age range: 21-93 years; mean: 60.56 years) answered a 4-item questionnaire on music listening difficulties and discussions about music in clinic.

Advancing Value-Based Models for Heart Failure: A Call to Action From the Value in Healthcare Initiative's Value-Based Models Learning Collaborative.

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalizations and readmissions in the United States. Particularly among the elderly, its prevalence and costs continue to rise, making it a significant population health issue. Despite tremendous progress in improving HF care and examples of innovation in care redesign, the quality of HF care varies greatly across the country.

North Carolina's Health Care Transformation to Value: Progress to Date and Further Steps Needed.

North Carolina has received national attention for its approach to health care payment and delivery reform. Importantly, payment reform alone is not enough to drive systematic changes in care delivery. We highlight the importance of progress in four complementary areas to achieve system-wide payment and care reform.

: The development of a self-administered conversation analysis based training programme for cochlear implant users.

Training software to facilitate participation in conversations where overlapping talk is common was to be developed with the involvement of Cochlear implant (CI) users. Examples of common types of overlap were extracted from a recorded corpus of 3.5 hours of British English conversation.

ACO Serious Illness Care: Survey And Case Studies Depict Current Challenges And Future Opportunities.

Care for people living with serious illness is suboptimal for many reasons, including underpayment for key services (such as care coordination and social supports) in fee-for-service reimbursement. Accountable care organizations (ACOs) have potential to improve serious illness care because of their widespread dissemination, strong financial incentives for care coordination in downside-risk models, and flexibility in shared savings spending. Through a national survey we found that 94 percent of ACOs at least partially identify their seriously ill beneficiaries, yet only 8-21 percent have widely implemented serious illness initiatives such as advance care planning or home-based palliative care.

Sinks for nitrogen inputs in terrestrial ecosystems: a meta-analysis of 15N tracer field studies.

Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to store carbon (C) depend in part on the amount of N retained in the system and its partitioning among plant and soil pools. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies at 48 sites across four continents that used enriched 15N isotope tracers in order to synthesize information about total ecosystem N retention (i.e.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of glomeruli by electron microscopy reveals a distinct restrictive urinary subpodocyte space.

For more than 150 years, the only urinary space that has been recognized in the glomerulus conducting primary filtrate to the proximal convoluted tubule has been Bowman's space (BS) (1). Here it is shown that ultrastructural reconstructions of the podocyte and the glomerulus reveal BS to be formed from three distinct urinary spaces through which filtrate must pass before reaching the proximal convoluted tubule. The most restricted region, the subpodocyte space (SPS; first described by Gautier in 1950), was found to cover 58 to 65% of the glomerular filtration barrier.

Workplace factors leading to planned reduction of clinical work among emergency physicians.

Objective: There is anecdotal evidence that ACEM Fellows are reducing or planning to reduce their clinical workload. We investigated the extent of, and reasons for, these reductions.

Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional postal survey utilizing a study-specific questionnaire.

The psychological health of emergency physicians in Australasia.

Objective: To evaluate the psychological health of ACEM Fellows and the important factors that impact on this health.

Methods: A cross-sectional, mail survey utilizing validated psychological instruments.

Results: Three hundred and twenty-three (63.

The effect of a radiant heat dressing on pressure ulcers.

The use of heat in wound healing has been demonstrated to aid oxygen flow and hence healing in acute wounds. However, the situation in chronic wounds is less clear. This study was designed to investigate the benefits of using a radiant heat therapy system in the treatment of Stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers.

Exploring the use of an alginate dressing for diabetic foot ulcers.

Few studies have investigated the use of dressings on patients with diabetic foot ulceration. This paper reports the results of a non-comparative, two-centre study investigating the performance characteristics of SeaSorb dressing in patients with this condition. This was an exploratory study to determine the potential use of this dressing, and not a large randomised control trial.

Clinical evaluation of a new pressure-relieving mattress.

In introducing a new mattress into practice it is important to evaluate its performance from both the patient's and nurse's perspective. A total of 20 patients admitted to the integrated medical unit were recruited and nursed on a new pressure-relieving mattress offering two modes of pressure relief (Duo). All patients had been recently admitted to hospital and were considered to be 'at very high risk' of developing a pressure ulcer, with an initial Waterlow score > 20.