Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma associated with coeliac disease.

Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (pMALT) lymphomas are rare, representing <1% of lung malignancies. An association between pMALT and autoimmune conditions has been described, but there is a paucity of documented cases linked to coeliac disease. We present the case of a patient with a history of coeliac disease who presented with weight loss but no respiratory symptoms.

The profile of offenders accused of rape referred to the Observation Ward of the Free State Psychiatric Complex, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 2011-2015.

Background: Sexual assault in South Africa has reached alarming proportions. Mental illness amongst offenders accused of rape is one of the complicating factors.

Aim: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and forensic profile of alleged offenders accused of rape referred to a South African tertiary public psychiatric hospital for forensic evaluation, as well as describe the profile of the reported victims.

An Evaluation of Severe Anesthetic-Related Critical Incidents and Risks From the South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study: A 14-Day Prospective, Observational Cohort Study of Pediatric Surgical Patients.

Background: Severe anesthetic-related critical incident (SARCI) monitoring is an essential component of safe, quality anesthetic care. Predominantly retrospective data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) report higher incidence but similar types of SARCI compared to high-income countries (HIC). The aim of our study was to describe the baseline incidence of SARCI in a middle-income country (MIC) and to identify associated risk for SARCI.

A simulation-based study evaluating the preparedness of interns' post-anaesthesia rotation in managing a failed obstetric intubation scenario: Is our training good enough?

Background: Difficult or failed intubation of obstetric patients may be up to 8 times higher than in general surgical patients. A decline in obstetric intubation opportunities may be a contributing factor, resulting in reduced training opportunities for junior doctors, who therefore do not acquire airway management skills.

Objectives: To assess post-anaesthesia rotation interns' preparedness to manage a difficult/failed obstetric airway scenario.

Development of a Clinical Prediction Model for In-hospital Mortality from the South African Cohort of the African Surgical Outcomes Study.

Background: Data on the factors that influence mortality after surgery in South Africa are scarce, and neither these data nor data on risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality after surgery are routinely collected. Predictors related to the context or setting of surgical care delivery may also provide insight into variation in practice. Variation must be addressed when planning for improvement of risk-adjusted outcomes.

The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative morbidity in pediatric surgical patients: A secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: The prevalence of anemia in the South African pediatric surgical population is unknown. Anemia may be associated with increased postoperative complications. We are unaware of studies documenting these findings in patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

An audit of operating theatre utilisation and day-of-surgery cancellations at a regional hospital in the Durban metropole.

Background: Operating theatres account for a significant proportion of hospital costs. There is a paucity of data evaluating utilisation of South African (SA) state operating theatres.

Objectives: To measure operating theatre utilisation and the rate of day-of-surgery cancellations (DOSCs) in a state hospital theatre complex.

South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study: a 14-day prospective, observational cohort study of paediatric surgical patients.

Background: Children comprise a large proportion of the population in sub-Saharan Africa. The burden of paediatric surgical disease exceeds available resources in Africa, potentially increasing morbidity and mortality. There are few prospective paediatric perioperative outcomes studies, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of preoperative surgical safety checklists to improve perioperative outcomes.

Background: Meta-analyses of the implementation of a surgical safety checklist (SSC) in observational studies have shown a significant decrease in mortality and surgical complications.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of the SSC using data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42015017546).

National priorities for perioperative research in South Africa.

Background: Perioperative research is currently unco-ordinated in South Africa (SA), with no clear research agenda.

Objective: To determine the top ten national research priorities for perioperative research in SA.

Methods: A Delphi technique was used to establish consensus on the top ten research priorities.

Pre_GI: a global map of ontological links between horizontally transferred genomic islands in bacterial and archaeal genomes.

The Predicted Genomic Islands database (Pre_GI) is a comprehensive repository of prokaryotic genomic islands (islands, GIs) freely accessible at http://pregi.bi.up.

pH-dependent adhesion of mycobacteria to surface-modified polymer nanofibers.

Children across the world are greatly affected by tuberculosis (TB) due to high morbidity and mortality. It is important to diagnose TB in children timeously and accurately in order to provide effective treatment. In this study we aimed to test the hypothesis that a modified polymer could be developed to capture Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.

Colorectal cancer in South Africa: a heritable cause suspected in many young black patients.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has a low incidence among the black African population. Largely unrecognised in the scientific literature is the fact that a disproportionately large number of young black patients (<50 years old) present with CRC.

Objectives: To analyse those tumours, which we propose may link them to morphological features associated with known genetic pathways.

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ropivacaine for continuous epidural infusion in neonates and infants.

Introduction: The primary objective of this noncomparative study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine during a 48-72-h continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine in children under 1 year. The secondary objectives were to assess efficacy and safety.

Methods: Neonates and infants (ASA I-III, gestational age > or =37 weeks, > or =2.

Iron and iron chelating agents modulate Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and monocyte-macrophage viability and effector functions.

Excess of iron promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, its replication and progression to clinical disease and death from tuberculosis. Chelation of iron may reduce M. tuberculosis replication, restore host defence mechanisms and it could constitute an application in the prevention and treatment strategies where both iron overload and tuberculosis are prevalent.

Iron overload and tuberculosis: a case for iron chelation therapy.

Elevated levels of iron impair immune defence mechanisms, and specifically the macrophage function of innate immunity. Iron enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, M. tuberculosis replication, progression to clinical disease and death from tuberculosis (TB).

Pheochromocytoma crisis: the use of magnesium sulfate.

Pheochromocytoma crisis is a rare life-threatening event that may appear with a variety of clinical symptoms. We present three cases of life-threatening crisis in which magnesium sulfate was particularly beneficial in controlling symptoms and signs when more conventional forms of therapy had failed. Two patients presented with hypertensive encephalopathy, and the third presented with catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy.