Publications by authors named "Crommentuijn T"

Organophosphates are popular insecticides, but relatively little is known about their chronic effects on ecologically relevant endpoints. In this paper, we examine a life-cycle experiment with the springtail Folsomia candida, exposed via food to chlorpyrifos (CPF). The results for all endpoints (survival, growth and reproduction) were analyzed using the DEBtox model.

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Standard toxicity tests do not allow extrapolations to the population level, mainly because these tests apply a short, fixed exposure time and focus on a single end point only. These limitations can be overcome by (partial) life-cycle toxicity testing, although these test results are harder to analyze. DEBtox is an existing software tool for the process-based analysis of standardized bioassays, and this paper presents two extensions of this method, making it applicable to life-cycle tests: the simultaneous assessment of end points and the description of aging (senescence) of the animals.

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The recently derived Dutch Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for water, soil, and sediment for approximately 170 substances have been evaluated. Three methods have been used to derive the Dutch EQS. Independent of how the EQS were derived, they are given equal weight in Dutch environmental policy.

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A unified method is presented to derive maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of xenobiotic and naturally occurring substances. The method relies upon risk limitation expressed as the maximum potentially affected fraction of all possible species (PAFmax) in a component ecosystem, due to a bioavailable concentration of the considered substance. For xenobiotic compounds the method is simplified to the "HC5 approach," i.

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Environmental quality objectives (EQOs) for water, soil, and sediment are derived for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). EQOs are an important instrument in the effects-oriented environmental policy of the Dutch Ministry of the Environment. These EQOs should be set in such a way that protection of organisms in all compartments is ensured.

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Toxic substances may affect the life history of a species in a variety of ways. Different species maintain different priorities in coping with the physiological consequences of toxicant-induced stress. This is expressed by changes in energy allocation to different life-history characteristics which may have great consequences for the response at the population level.

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To understand the consequences of soil pollution on higher levels of biological organization, the chain of effects of cadmium on several interrelated responses was studied in a chronic toxicity experiment using the collembolan species Folsomia candida (Willem) in an artificial soil. The individual parameters survival, growth, and number of offspring were determined after different time intervals up to 9 weeks. The accumulation of cadmium in springtails and the population increase during the experimental period were also determined.

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