A Primer on Private Equity Ownership in ABA.

The applied behavior analysis (ABA) service industry is currently estimated to be worth at least $4 billion. As a result of potential profits that can be made from ABA services, for-profit organizations have become more common in the field. One type of for-profit organization that has become especially prominent in the ABA service industry is private equity (PE)-owned ABA companies.

Impact of vitamin D on hyperoxic acute lung injury in neonatal mice.

Background: Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can lead to hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) in preterm neonates. Vitamin D (VitD) stimulates lung maturation and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. Our objective was to determine if VitD provides a dose-dependent protective effect against HALI by reducing inflammatory cytokine expression and improving alveolarization and lung function in neonatal mice.

Laryngeal and Global Somatosensation in Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia.

Introduction: Primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD) is a functional voice disorder that reduces communicative abilities and adversely impacts occupational productivity and quality of life. Patients with pMTD report increased vocal effort, fatigue, discomfort, and odynophonia. Although laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscle tension and hyperfunction are the most commonly proposed mechanisms underlying these symptoms, recent studies suggest pMTD may have more to do with the somatosensory system.

Examining the Complex Mismatch Negativity in Early Phase Psychosis Using the Dual Rule Paradigm.

Using electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the simple mismatch negativity (MMN), a marker of auditory cortex function, has been of great interest in the exploration of biomarkers for psychotic illness. Despite many studies reporting MMN deficits in chronic schizophrenia, there are inconsistent reports of MMN reductions in the early phases of psychotic illness, suggesting the MMN elicited by traditional paradigms may not be a sensitive enough measure of vulnerability to be used as a biomarker. Recently, a more computationally complex measure of auditory cortex function (the complex mismatch negativity; cMMN) has been hypothesized to provide a more sensitive marker of illness vulnerability.

The role of referral pathway to early intervention services for psychosis on 2-year inpatient and emergency service use.

This study examined the relationship between terminal referral source and subsequent urgent health service use in a Canadian early intervention service (EIS) for psychosis. Administrative health record data of emergency and inpatient mental health service use over a 2-year follow up from entry to EIS were retrospectively analyzed (n = 515). Negative binomial regression models were used to assess for the relationship between referral source and care outcomes.

Relationships Between Vocal Fold Adduction Patterns, Vocal Acoustic Quality, and Vocal Effort in Individuals With and Without Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders.

Objectives/hypothesis: Increased vocal effort and aberrant vocal quality are often attributed to vocal fold hyperadduction in hyperfunctional voice disorders. However, there are currently no established methods to quantify vocal fold adduction beyond subjective descriptors in this clinical population. Furthermore, relationships between vocal fold adduction patterns, vocal effort severity, and vocal quality are not well characterized.

Relationships Between Laryngoscopic Analysis Metrics of Supraglottic Compression and Vocal Effort in Primary Muscle Tension Dysphonia.

Purpose: Supraglottic compression is thought to underlie vocal effort in patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD). However, the relationship between supraglottic compression and vocal effort in this clinical population remains unclear. Gold standard laryngoscopic assessment metrics for supraglottic compression are also lacking.

Short communication: Prevalence of long-acting injectable antipsychotic use in Canadian early intervention services for psychosis.

The use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs for psychotic disorders in Canada has been historically low compared to other jurisdictions despite advantages of LAIs in improving medication adherence and preventing relapse. In response, treatment recommendations were developed in 2013 by the Canadian Consortium for Early Intervention in Psychosis and other Canadian provincial expert groups. The impact of these guidelines needed to be assessed.

Mental health adverse events with cannabis use diagnosed in the Emergency Department: what are we finding now and are our findings accurate?

We have previously reviewed the types and numbers of cannabis-associated adverse events that have mental health presentations that are encountered in the Emergency Department. A particular challenge in examining these events is disentangling cannabis use adverse events from adverse events associated with use of multiple recreational substances. Since that review was published, cannabis legalization for recreational use has greatly expanded world-wide and with these changes in the legal climate has come clearer information around the frequency of adverse events seen in the Emergency Department.

Surfactant protein a attenuates generalized and localized neuroinflammation in neonatal mice.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has important roles in innate immunity and modulation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary inflammation. Given SP-A has been detected in rat and human brain, we sought to determine if SP-A has a role in modulating inflammation in the neonatal mouse brain. Neonatal wildtype (WT) and SP-A-deficient (SP-A) mice were subjected to three models of brain inflammation: systemic sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Awareness of antibiotic resistance: a tool for measurement among human and animal health care professionals in LMICs and UMICs.

Background: Raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance is a cornerstone of action plans to tackle this global One Health challenge. Tools that can reliably assess levels of awareness of antibiotic resistance (ABR) among human or animal healthcare professionals (HCPs) are required to guide and evaluate interventions.

Methods: We designed and tested an ABR awareness scale, a self-administered questionnaire completed by human and animal HCPs trained to prescribe and dispense antibiotics in six countries-Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Vietnam, Thailand and Peru.

A multiple baseline trial of adapted prolonged exposure psychotherapy for individuals with early phase psychosis, comorbid substance misuse, and a history of adversity: A study protocol.

Background: Adversity is prevalent among people with psychotic disorders, especially those within the first 5 years of a psychotic disorder, called early phase psychosis. Although adversity can lead to many negative outcomes (e.g.

Real-life effectiveness of transitioning from paliperidone palmitate 1-monthly to paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly long-acting injectable formulation.

Background: Non-adherence to antipsychotics in schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of psychotic relapse and hospitalization, a risk that is reduced with the use of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the efficacy of paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M) for psychotic relapse prevention in schizophrenia, but it remains poorly documented among individuals treated in real-life settings who can benefit the most out of LAIs.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PP3M in relapse prevention among patients with schizophrenia.

Exposure of the Calcaneus in the Sinus Tarsi Approach Versus the Lateral Extensile Approach: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: The lateral extensile approach (LEA) is an operative approach for calcaneal fractures. High rates of wound complications have led to alternative approaches such as the sinus tarsi approach to grow in popularity. The LEA affords substantial visualization of the calcaneus.

Glutamate and N-Acetylaspartate Alterations Observed in Early Phase Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies.

Glutamate and N-acetylaspartate have been investigated in the neuropathology of chronic schizophrenia, with fewer studies focusing on early phase psychosis. Additionally, there has been little review and synthesis of the literature focused on multiple brain regions. This systematic review aims to provide a clear report of the current state of research on glutamate and n-acetylaspartate concentrations in early phase psychosis (defined as the first five years following psychosis onset) in multiple brain regions.

Interaction of sex and cannabis in adult brain imaging studies: A systematic review.

Cannabis has been shown to cause structural and functional neurocognitive changes in heavy users. Cannabis use initiation aligns with brain development trajectories; therefore, it is imperative that the potential neurological implications of cannabis use are understood. Males and females reach neurodevelopmental milestones at different rates making it necessary to consider biological sex in all cannabis and brain-based research.

Long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) prescribing trends during COVID-19 restrictions in Canada: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on how mental health services are delivered to patients throughout Canada. The reduction of in-person healthcare services have created unique challenges for individuals with psychotic disorders that require regular clinic visits to administer and monitor long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications.

Methods: To better understand how LAI usage was impacted, national and provincial patient-level longitudinal prescribing data from Canadian retail pharmacies were used to examine LAI prescribing practices during the pandemic.

Diagnostic performance of US for suspected appendicitis: Does multi-categorical reporting provide better estimates of disease in adults, and what factors are associated with false or indeterminate results?

Purpose: To identify factors associated with false or indeterminate US result for suspected appendicitis, and assess whether multi-categorical reporting of US yields more precise estimates regarding the probability of appendicitis.

Methods: 562 US examinations for suspected appendicitis between May 2013-April 2015 were categorized as true (77/562 true positives or true negatives) or false/indeterminate (485/562 false negatives, false positives or indeterminates) based on results from a prior study. Of 541 examinations with images available retrospectively, a category of A-E was assigned as follows: non-visualized appendix with secondary findings (A) absent or (B) present; appendix visualized and considered (C) negative, (D) equivocal, or (E) positive for appendicitis.

Survivorship care planning, quality of life, and confidence to transition to survivorship: A randomized controlled trial with women ending treatment for breast cancer.

Purpose: The Polaris Oncology Survivorship Transition (POST) system is a computer-based program that integrates information from the electronic health record, oncology team, and the patient to produce a personalized Survivorship Care Plan. The purpose of this study was to compare the POST to treatment as usual on confidence, quality of life, and interest in mental health referrals in women ending treatment for breast cancer.

Sample: Two hundred women (100 POST, 100 treatment as usual) ending treatment for breast cancer were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.

Toward individualized prediction of seizure recurrence: Hippocampal neuroimaging features in a cohort of patients from a first seizure clinic.

Purpose: We performed an exploratory analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging data from a cohort of 51 patients with first seizure (FS) and new-onset epilepsy (NOE) to identify variables, or combinations of variables, that might discriminate between clinical trajectories over a one-year period and yield potential biomarkers of epileptogenesis.

Methods: Patients underwent EEG, hippocampal and whole brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) within six weeks of the index seizure, and repeat neuroimaging one year later. We classified patients with FS as having had a single seizure (FS-SS) or having converted to epilepsy (FS-CON) after one year and performed logistic regression to identify combinations of variables that might discriminate between FS-SS and FS-CON, and between FS-SS and the combined group FS-CON + NOE.