Does testing increase spontaneous mediation in learning semantically related paired associates?

Carpenter (2011) argued that the testing effect she observed for semantically related but associatively unrelated paired associates supports the mediator effectiveness hypothesis. This hypothesis asserts that after the cue-target pair is learned, relative to restudying mother-child, a review test in which is used to cue the recall of child leads to (a) greater activation of the mediator (), and (b) greater strengthening of the links in the cue-to-mediator () and mediator-to-target () associative chain. This chain is then spontaneously used for recalling child when mother is given as the cue in a final test.

Testing enhances both encoding and retrieval for both tested and untested items.

In forward testing effects, taking a test enhances memory for subsequently studied material. These effects have been observed for previously studied and tested items, a potentially item-specific testing effect, and newly studied untested items, a purely generalized testing effect. We directly compared item-specific and generalized forward testing effects using procedures to separate testing benefits due to encoding versus retrieval.

Transdiagnostic group behavioral activation and exposure therapy for youth anxiety and depression: Initial randomized controlled trial.

Anxiety and depression are debilitating and commonly co-occurring in young adolescents, yet few interventions are designed to treat both disorder classes together. Initial efficacy is presented of a school-based transdiagnostic group behavioral activation therapy (GBAT) that emphasizes anti-avoidance in vivo exposure. Youth (N = 35; ages 12-14; 50.

Sustained Implementation of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety and Depression: Long-term Effects of Structured Training and Consultation on Therapist Practice in the Field.

Identifying factors that promote sustained implementation of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) after therapists receive training is critical for professional psychology. To address the field's minimal knowledge in this area, we interviewed community-based therapists ( = 23) who had completed intensive training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for either anxiety or depression as part of a randomized effectiveness trial (Southam-Gerow et al., 2010; Weisz et al.

Upper gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric onset Crohn's disease: prevalence and clinical implications.

Background And Aims: Our study evaluated the prevalence, the characteristics and implications of the upper gastrointestinal localisation (UGI+) in paediatric Crohn's Disease (CD) patients.

Methods: This prospective study evaluated 45 newly diagnosed CD patients at diagnosis and follow up with respect to CD localisation.

Results: All patients presented CD at the colon and/or ileum.

The role of sodium in food processing.

Recommendations for dietary sodium reduction can be communicated effectively when the role of sodium in food processes is understood, Knowledge of why sodium is present in foods helps the dietitian to predict likely and unlike sodium sources. When this information is used in counseling, dietary modifications may become less complex because they are based on knowledge and understanding, not on the memory of long lists of individual foods. Examining the role of sodium in food production practices can assist the knowledge-understanding-counseling effort.