Using Serial Trichotomization to Determine Fitness to Drive in Medically At-Risk Drivers.

Importance: Clinical tests that identify fit and unfit drivers with 100% sensitivity and specificity would reduce uncertainty and improve efficiency of occupational therapists performing comprehensive driving evaluations (CDEs).

Objective: To examine whether serial trichotomization of clinical tests predicts pass-fail outcomes with 100% sensitivity and specificity in a sample of medically at-risk drivers and in drivers with and without cognitive impairment (CI) referred for a CDE.

Design: Retrospective data collection and analysis of scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Trail Making Test, Part A and Part B; and the Useful Field of View® Subtests 1 to 3 and outcomes on the CDE (pass-fail or indeterminate requiring lessons and retesting).

Health Comparisons Between Truck Drivers and the General Population Using the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Background: This study examined and compared risk factors and health conditions of truck drivers compared with the general Canadian population.

Methods: This study used the Canadian Community Health Survey consisting of 991 male truck drivers and 29,958 male respondents of the general population.

Results: Compared with the general population, truck drivers were older, less educated, had lower incomes, worked more hours, and were more likely to be widowed/separated/divorced.

Predictors and impact of trust on vaccine decisions in parents of 2-year-old children in Canada: findings from the 2017 Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS).

Trust is known to be an important factor in vaccine decisions for parents of young children, but there has been a lack of Canadian data measuring the determinants and impact of trust. Using data from the 2017 Canadian Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS), this study analyzed the relationships between sources that parents trust for vaccine information and demographics, parental knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) and vaccine decisions (refusal, delay or reluctance) in parents of 2-year-old children who had accepted at least one vaccine for their child (n = 6125). The findings show that 83% of parents trust doctors for vaccine information; 70-80% trust pharmacists, PMH, nurses and HC/PHAC; 34% trust family and 23% trust friends and CAM HCPs.

Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Correlates With Lifestyle and Health in Long-Haul Truck Drivers.

Introduction: This study examined and compared the association between body mass index (BMI) and BMI with waist circumference (WC) on lifestyle measure and health outcomes in Canadian long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs).

Methods: Two hundred LHTDs completed a survey on diet and physical activity, and participated in objective measures of height, weight, WC, and blood pressure.

Results: More than half of the sample was classified as obese (57%).

Determinants of vaccine refusal, delay and reluctance in parents of 2-year-old children in Canada: Findings from the 2017 Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS).

Vaccine hesitancy is a barrier to improving childhood vaccination rates in Canada, but the scope of this problem is unclear due to inconsistent measurement of vaccine uptake indicators. Using 2017 data from a Canadian national vaccine coverage survey, this study analyzed the impact of demographics and parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (KAB) on vaccine decisions (refusal, delay and reluctance) in parents of 2-year-old children who had received at least one vaccine. The findings show that 16.

Clinical Tests Predicting On-Road Performance in Older Drivers with Cognitive Impairment.

The Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B) and Useful Field of View® (UFOV) can predict on-road outcomes in drivers with cognitive impairment (CI); however, studies have not included drivers referred for comprehensive driving evaluations (CDEs), who typically have more severe CI. We determined the predictive ability of Trails B and UFOV on pass/fail on-road outcomes in drivers with CI (Montreal Cognitive Assessment <26) referred for CDEs. Retrospective data collection from two driving assessments centers (  =  100, mean age  =  76.

Do motorcycle helmets reduce road traffic injuries, hospitalizations and mortalities in low and lower-middle income countries in Africa? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies in Africa have examined the association between helmet use and injury prevention, however, there has been no systematic review to synthesize the literature within an African context nor has there been any meta-analysis examining the effect of helmet use on injury prevention.

Methods: The review was performed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute for Systematic Reviews. Articles were searched using several databases (e.

Driving Errors Predicting Pass/Fail On-Road Assessment Outcomes Among Cognitively Impaired Older Drivers.

Older drivers with cognitive impairment (CI)/dementia make significantly more driving errors than healthy controls; however, whether driving errors are predictive of pass/fail outcomes in older drivers with CI/dementia are unclear. This study determined the driving errors that predicted failing an on-road assessment in drivers with CI. We retrospectively collected comprehensive driving evaluation data of 80 participants (76.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Work Environment in Long-Haul Truck Drivers.

Objective: To describe and compare the working conditions of long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) before and during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess the perceptions of LHTDs on accessing food, restrooms, and parking.

Methods: An online survey was disseminated between August 2020 and March 2021 to various trucking organizations across Canada to collect data on health and wellness during COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses.

Health and Safety Practices and Perceptions of COVID-19 in Long-Haul Truck Drivers.

Objective: To examine long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) perceptions of COVID-19 and their use of health and safety practices.

Methods: 146 LHTD completed an online survey to collect data on their experiences with COVID-19. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses.

Predictors of self-rated oral health in Canadian Indigenous adults.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare oral health indicators between Indigenous adults and the general population and (2) examine the predictors of poor self-rated oral health in the Indigenous population.

Methods: Data from the 2017-2018 cycle of the Canadian Community Health Survey was used and included 943 Indigenous and 20,011 non-Indigenous adults. Independent variables included demographic information, lifestyle behaviours, dental concerns and care utilization, and transportation access.

Long-Haul Truck Driver Training Does Not Meet Driver Needs in Canada.

Introduction: Training standards for long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) are rapidly evolving in Canada, yet the opinions of the drivers themselves have not been adequately considered. The purpose was to survey LHTD on their work training history and to examine LHTD perceptions of driver training and licensing protocols.

Methods: LHTD were recruited across two Western Canadian provinces from seven different truck stops.

The SIMARD-MD is not an Effective Driver Screening Tool for Determining Fitness-To-Drive.

Background: Studies have reported poor sensitivity and specificity of the Screen for the Identification of Cognitively Impaired Medically At-Risk Drivers, a modification of the DemTech (SIMARD-MD) to screen for drivers with cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the SIMARD-MD can accurately predict pass/fail on a road test in drivers with cognitive impairment (CI) and healthy drivers.

Methods: Data from drivers with CI were collected from two comprehensive driving assessment centres (n=86) and compared with healthy drivers (n=30).

Vaccine hesitancy among parents of preschoolers in Canada: a systematic literature review.

Objectives: The purpose was to synthesize the available literature on what factors influence vaccine hesitancy of parents of preschoolers in Canada.

Methods: Databases (e.g.

Impact of limited rest areas on truck driver crashes in Saskatchewan: a mixed-methods approach.

Background: Long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) suffer from long work hours often resulting in fatigue. Although several studies have reported that fatigue can contribute to crashes, no study has identified the location and patterns of fatigue-related crashes and solicited truck driver feedback on potential mitigation strategies. The purpose of this study is 1) to map the location of fatigue-related crashes and 2) examine the perceptions of truck drivers concerning fatigue-related crashes.

Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Long-Haul Truck Drivers.

Work-related stress is a salient risk factor for depression. While long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs) face a myriad of occupational pressures and demands, little research has examined predictors of depressive symptoms in this occupational group. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of depressive symptoms in LHTDs.

Examining the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Health Conditions in Community Dwelling Older Adults.

The Canadian low-risk drinking guidelines were developed for adults, however, the applicability to older adults was not considered in the development of the guidelines. The objectives of this study were to: (1) to examine alcohol use in community dwelling older males and females using the current Canadian guidelines; (2) to test lower limits of alcohol use on various health factors; and (3) to determine health factors associated with high-risk drinking in older males and females. Data on community dwelling older adults (aged 65 +) was used from the Canadian Injury Prevention Survey (n = 2274).

Medical Conditions and Crash Risk in Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between diagnosed medical conditions and prospective crashes in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers.

Methods: Three databases (demographics, medical conditions, and crashes) from the Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI) were linked and filtered to examine whether various medical diagnoses were associated with prospective crashes from 2007 to 2017. Univariate and cox proportional hazard analysis were calculated for medical conditions and their association with crash risk.

A public health approach to mobilizing community partners for injury prevention: A scoping review.

Objectives: Reducing injuries in adults requires work with diverse stakeholders across many sectors and at multiple levels. At the local level, public health professionals need to effectively bring together, facilitate, and support community partners to initiate evidence-based efforts. However, there has been no formal review of the literature to inform how these professionals can best create action among community partners to address injuries in adults.

A Literature Review of Psychotropic Medications and Alcohol as Risk Factors for Falls in Community Dwelling Older Adults.

Psychotropic medications and alcohol are potential risk factors for falls in older adults. However, there has been no appraisal of the literature on whether these medications, both singly and in combination with alcohol, are associated with falls in community dwelling older adults (those aged 60 years and older living independently without care). Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS) and the grey literature (i.

Clinical Complexity and Use of Antipsychotics and Restraints in Long-Term Care Residents with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and/or Parkinsonism are affected by a complex burden of comorbidity. Many ultimately require institutional care, where they may be subject to the application of physical restraints or the prescription of antipsychotic medications, making them more vulnerable to adverse outcomes.

Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to: 1) describe the clinical complexity of older institutionalized persons with PD; and 2) examine patterns and predictors of restraint use and prescription of antipsychotics in this population.

Evidence Based Review of Fitness-to-Drive and Return-to-Driving Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

The purpose of this study was to conduct an evidence-based review to determine predictors of fitness to drive and return to driving in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Relevant databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS) were searched for primary articles published before June 2016 using MeSH search terms. Using the American Academy of Neurology's classification criteria, 24 articles were included after reviewing 1998 articles.

Evaluating medically at-risk drivers: a survey of assessment practices in Canada.

Background: Assessing medical fitness to drive (FTD) can include both off- and on-road testing, although consistency of practice is unclear.

Purpose: To examine actual practices being used to assess FTD at driver assessment centres (DACs) across Canada.

Method: Surveys e-mailed to 90 DACs were returned by 47 assessors.

Predicting older driver on-road performance by means of the useful field of view and trail making test part B.

The Useful Field of View(®) (UFOV) and Trail Making Test Part B (Trails B) are measures of divided attention. We determined which measure was more accurate in predicting on-road outcomes among drivers (N = 198, mean age = 73.86, standard deviation = 6.