Distinct Transcriptomic and Tumor Microenvironment Profiles in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma and Aggressive Cutaneous Melanomas.

: Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive melanoma subtype with a notably poor prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM). Despite advances in molecular characterization, SNMM remains underexplored, posing a clinical challenge and highlighting the need for detailed molecular profiling. This study aimed to identify the molecular features of SNMM, elucidate its clinical behavior and prognostic implications, and provide insights for improved therapeutic strategies.

Survival Outcomes in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Sinonasal mucosal melanomas (SNMMs) are rare and aggressive malignancies with poor survival outcomes. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate overall survival (OS) rates in patients with SNMM; : We conducted a systematic search, following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and citation searching for studies reporting survival and prognosis outcomes for SNMMs. Inclusion criteria included studies with 5-year OS rates.

3D printing as surgical planning and training in pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery - Systematic review and practical example.

Background: Pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery is challenging due to the intricate anatomy of the skull base and the presence of tumors with varied pathologies. The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in skull base surgeries has been found to be highly beneficial. A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate the published studies that reported the effectiveness of 3D printing in pediatric endoscopic skull base surgery.

Loss of smell in patients with traumatic brain injury is associated with neuropsychiatric behavioral alterations.

Objective: We sought to identify and correlate the severity of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) associated with olfactory dysfunction with cognitive and behavioral profiles.

Participants And Setting: Patients with TBI undergoing treatment in a specialized neuro-rehabilitation hospital.

Design: Prospective study.

Endoscopic maxillectomy: anatomo-radiological description of the "double" maxillary sinus window.

Objectives/hypothesis: To present a modified endoscopic medial maxillectomy (MEMM) approach to control maxillary sinus pathologies.

Methods: MEMM was completed in 13 fresh-frozen specimens. An MEMM includes cutting the nasolacrimal duct, inferior meatus flap, and repositioning the inferior turbinate (IT).

Anterior Pedicled Lateral Nasal Wall Flap for Endonasal Lining: A Radiologic and Anatomical Study.

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective of this radiological/anatomical study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new endoscopic technique that uses the anterior pedicled lateral nasal flap (APLNW) for the endonasal lining in complex nasal reconstructions.

Study Design: An anatomical study was performed on 20 nasal fossae of cadaverous specimens to measure the area and lengths of the anterior pedicled nasal lateral wall flap. In addition, a radiological analysis with computed tomography was performed in 150 nostrils to determine the potential donor of the simple and extended flap in the nasal fossa floor.

Timing, Complications, and Safety of Tracheotomy in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

Importance: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to unprecedented needs for invasive ventilation, with 10% to 15% of intubated patients subsequently requiring tracheotomy.

Objective: To assess the complications, safety, and timing of tracheotomy performed for critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study assessed consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who had COVID-19 that required tracheotomy.

Combined and simultaneous endoscopic endonasal and transorbital surgery for a Meckel's cave schwannoma: technical nuances of a mini-invasive, multiportal approach.

Objective: Over the years, Meckel's cave pathologies have been judged off-limits because of high rates of morbidity. Even though several studies have defined various surgical routes with tolerable morbidity and mortality rates, controversies related to the optimal avenue to treat different categories of Meckel's cave and cavernous sinus neoplasms persist. With unceasing energy to cultivate minimally invasive neurosurgical approaches, the endoscopic endonasal route has been tested, and the approach effectively performed, to provide a valid surgical window to these areas.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury: the Role of Neurogenesis.

Purpose Of Review: Olfactory functioning disturbances are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) having a significant impact on quality of life. A spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function over time may occur in TBI patients. Although there is no standard treatment for patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss, olfactory training (OT) has shown some promise beneficial effects.

Lack of additive benefit of oral steroids on short-term postoperative outcomes in nasal polyposis.

Objectives: There is a lack of evidence concerning the efficacy of oral corticosteroids (OCS) as a postoperative treatment for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The objective of our study was to determine the short-term additive benefit of postoperative OCS in CRSwNP patients.

Methods: We prospectively randomized CRSwNP patients who were treated by endoscopic sinus surgery.

Olfactory Training Prevents Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by Bulbar Excitotoxic Lesions: Role of Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Interneurons.

Glutamatergic excitotoxicity is involved in pathologies affecting the central nervous system, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), in which olfactory dysfunction is an early symptom. Interestingly, our group has recently shown that bilateral administration of the glutamate agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the olfactory bulbs (OBs) induces an olfactory dysfunction 1 week after lesions. Although a wide range of treatments have been attempted, no standard therapy has been established to treat olfactory disorders.

Recovery of Olfactory Function After Excitotoxic Lesion of the Olfactory Bulbs Is Associated with Increases in Bulbar SIRT1 and SIRT4 Expressions.

Excitotoxicity consists in a cascade of intracellular events initiated by an excessive release of glutamate and hyperactivation of glutamatergic receptors that is involved in several pathologies, including traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Both disorders are a common cause of olfactory dysfunction. We previously reported a role for glutamate excitotoxicity in olfactory dysfunction showing an olfactory deficit 1 week after lesion and a spontaneous recovery 2 weeks after excitotoxicity lesion of the olfactory bulbs (OBs).

Efficacy and safety of fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% otic solution in patients with otic eczema: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% otic solution versus placebo in treating patients with otic eczema. Methods In this multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group phase 3 clinical trial, conducted at 12 Spanish centres between March 2012 and March 2013, patients received fluocinolone acetonide 0.

Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: The sense of smell is today one of the focuses of interest in aging and neurodegenerative disease research. In several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the olfactory dysfunction is one of the initial symptoms appearing years before motor symptoms and cognitive decline, being considered a clinical marker of these diseases' early stages and a marker of disease progression and cognitive decline. Overall and under the umbrella of precision medicine, attention to olfactory function may help to improve chances of success for neuroprotective and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.

Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be associated with partial or total smell loss. Recent studies have suggested that olfactory outcome can be positively modulated after olfactory training (OT). This study's aim was to investigate OT's potential role in smell recovery after TBI-induced olfactory loss.

Extended endoscopic endonasal surgery for clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma: Our experience in 14 cases.

Objective: To report our experience in the management of chordoma and chondrosarcoma with extended endoscopic endonasal surgery.

Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of 14 patients with clival chordoma or chondrosarcoma who had extended endoscopic endonasal surgery from 2008 to 2016 performed by the same multidisciplinary team.

Results: We had fourteen patients (male/female 2:1), with a mean age of 49years for chordoma and 32 for chondrosarcoma.

Nasoseptal Perforation: from Etiology to Treatment.

Purpose Of Review: Nasal septum perforation (NSP) is a communication between the two nasal cavities. This review contributes to the better knowledge of NSP causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

Recent Findings: NSP prevalence is about 1%.

European Research on Electrochemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer (EURECA) project: Results from the treatment of mucosal cancers.

Aim: Electrochemotherapy is an effective local treatment for cutaneous tumours and metastases. In this prospective trial, six European institutions investigated electrochemotherapy in recurrent, mucosal head and neck tumours.

Patient And Methods: Forty-three patients with recurrent mucosal head and neck tumours and no further curative or reasonably effective palliative treatment options were enrolled and treated with electrochemotherapy.

Lack of long-term add-on effect by montelukast in postoperative chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps.

Objectives/hypothesis: Eosinophils and mast cells are among the key cells in inflammatory diseases like chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. Leukotriene antagonists have proven to be effective in the treatment of asthma, but data about their efficacy in CRS are scarce, whereas data on montelukast as an add-on treatment to intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) in a postoperative setting are completely lacking.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, open-label trial.

Total septal perforation repair with a pericranial flap: Radio-anatomical and clinical findings.

Objectives/hypothesis: Endonasal surgeries are the primary cause of septal perforation (SP). However, trauma, inflammation, infections, neoplasms, or abuse of inhaled drugs can also cause SP. Septal repair is indicated in patients who experience nasal obstruction, crusting, intermittent epistaxis, purulent discharge, or nasal whistling and in those who fail conservative treatment.

Olfactory function in an excitotoxic model for secondary neuronal degeneration: Role of dopaminergic interneurons.

Secondary neuronal degeneration (SND) occurring in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists in downstream destructive events affecting cells that were not or only marginally affected by the initial wound, further increasing the effects of the primary injury. Glutamate excitotoxicity is hypothesized to play an important role in SND. TBI is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction that may be spontaneous and partially recovered.

Radio-anatomical analysis of the pericranial flap "money box approach" for ventral skull base reconstruction.

Objectives/hypothesis: To evaluate the versatility of the pericranial flap (PCF) to reconstruct the ventral skull base, using the frontal sinus as a gate for its passage into the sinonasal corridor "money box approach."

Study Design: Anatomic-radiological study and case series.

Methods: Various approaches and their respective defects (cribriform, transtuberculum, clival, and craniovertebral junction) were completed in 10 injected specimens.