Publications by authors named "Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz"

Postbiotics are metabolic by-products from microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host. Their secretion can be influenced by various conditions affecting bacterial metabolism. This study presents a novel approach for producing potential postbiotics, specifically extracellular products (ECPs), from the probiotic strain Shewanella putrefaciens SpPdp11, grown under different culture conditions.

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Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) is a probiotic strain assayed in aquaculture; however, its postbiotic potential is unknown. Postbiotics are bacterial metabolites, including extracellular products (ECPs) that improve host physiology and immunity. Their production and composition can be affected by different factors such as the growing conditions of the probiotics.

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Background: L., okra, has been known as a healthy plant and classically employed in food and folk medicine for several human and animal diseases.

Aim: The antioxidant and antibacterial capacities, in addition to the phytochemical compounds of the okra fruit extracts gathered at three maturity stages, were the objectives of this study.

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Article Synopsis
  • Increased knowledge of functional foods has led to innovations in health products, particularly probiotic-based options like Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11), which shows promising benefits for farmed fish, but live probiotics face challenges such as survival, efficacy, and safety concerns.
  • Limitations in using live probiotics include variable effectiveness across different fish species and environmental factors that affect their activity, as well as potential negative impacts like undesired substances and risks of antibiotic resistance.
  • The study's objective was to explore the postbiotic potential of extracellular products (ECPs) from SpPdp11 under varying conditions, revealing that these ECPs can differentially reduce bacterial biofilm, lower virus titers
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Cell migration is an essential process in immunity and wound healing. The in vitro scratch assay was optimized for the SAF-1 cell line, obtained from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fin. In addition, selected cells from the cell front were tracked for detailed individual cell movement and morphological analysis.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The effects of the probiotic inclusion were measured in terms of fish growth, immune responses (including humoral and cellular immunity), and bactericidal activity over 15 and 30 days.
  • * Results indicated that the higher probiotic inclusion (0.1%) improved growth performance and certain immune responses, suggesting the potential for better fish welfare and aquaculture practices through future dietary supplements.
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Vibriosis is an infectious disease that generates large economic losses in Mediterranean aquaculture. Vibrio harveyi is one of the marine bacteria causing this disease, it is widespread in the Mediterranean Sea and causes ulcers on the skin of the fish it infects. In addition, the skin is a route of entry and colonization of this pathogen.

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Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus L., is a popular vegetable crop with many bioactive compounds. The in vitro immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from different parts of okra (leaves, fruits, and seeds) were studied.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the impact of a mix of contaminants (carbamazepine, PBDE-47, and cadmium) on the fish species Sparus aurata over a 30-day period, focusing on both oxidative stress in the liver and changes in nutritional composition.
  • - After 15 days of exposure to the contaminants, key molecular markers indicating oxidative stress showed increased levels, while the fatty acid profile indicated a rise in saturated fats and a drop in polyunsaturated fats, alongside increased lipid damage (measured by MDA levels).
  • - The research implies that contaminants not only affect molecular health but also alter nutritional quality in fish, suggesting that monitoring these biochemical markers could be crucial for assessing the health of marine life
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Marine environments receive plastic waste, where it suffers a transformation process into smaller particles. Among them, microplastics (MPs; <5 mm) are ingested by aquatic organisms leading to negative effects on animal welfare. The interactions between MPs, contaminants and organisms are poorly understood.

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The molecular processes underlying skin wound healing in several fish species have been elucidated in the last years, however, metabolomic insights are scarce. Here we report the skin mucus metabolome of wounded and non-wounded gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed with silk fibroin microparticles, a functional additive considered to accelerate the wound healing process. The three experimental diets (commercial diet enriched with 0 mg (control), 50 mg or 100 mg of silk fibroin microparticles Kg) were administered for 30 days and thereafter, a skin wound was inflicted.

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The impact of dietary supplementation with silk fibroin (SF) microparticles on the wound healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) skin was studied. A control diet was enriched with different SF levels: 0 (control), 50 (SF50 diet), and 100 (SF100 diet) mg Kg to form three experimental diets and was fed to seabream for 30 days. Experimental wounds were performed and after 7 days post-wounding (dpw) skin mucus immunity, macroscopic wound closure, and skin regeneration were studied at a microscopic and genetic level.

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The supply of nutrients, such as antioxidant agents, to fish cells still represents a challenge in aquaculture. In this context, we investigated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) composed of a combination of Gelucire 50/13 and Precirol ATO5 to administer a grape seed extract (GSE) mixture containing several antioxidant compounds. The combination of the two lipids for the SLN formation resulted in colloids exhibiting mean particle sizes in the range 139-283 nm and zeta potential values in the range +25.

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In the present study, the modulation of the transcriptional immune response (microarray analysis) in the head kidney (HK) of the anadromous fish Atlantic salmon () fed a diet supplemented with an olive fruit extract (AQUOLIVE) was evaluated. At the end of the trial (133 days), in order to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the phytogenic tested against a bacterial infection, an challenge with was performed. A total number of 1,027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (805 up- and 222 downregulated) were found when comparing the transcriptomic profiling of the HK from fish fed the control and AQUOLIVE diets.

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Gill monogenean is considered the most detrimental fish parasite to the Mediterranean aquaculture. Treatment of sparicotylosis relies on frequent gill inspections correlated with the seasonal increase in seawater temperature, application of functional feeds, and treatments with formalin baths where permitted. While the latter is bound to be banned in Europe, other synthetic anthelminthics, such as praziquantel and ivermectin, are prone to induce resistance in the parasites.

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Chemical contaminants such as industrial and urban by-products, pharmaceuticals, drugs metabolites and, plastics, are continuously found in the oceans, affecting its quality and organism's welfare. Although these compounds are found at concentrations ranged ng L, there is an increasing concern about the potential adverse effects of the interactions among those substances present, simultaneously, in a mixture. In the present study, specimens of sea bream (Sparus aurata) were exposed, by food, to rising concentrations of a mixture of carbamazepine, polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 and cadmium chloride, for 15 days and then, maintained, with the same control diet, without contaminants, for other 15 days.

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Article Synopsis
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), particularly BDE-47, are stable flame retardants that negatively impact marine life, accumulating in organisms like mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and causing toxicity and oxidative stress.
  • In the study, mussels were exposed to BDE-47 through microalgae for 15 days, followed by 15 days without the contaminant, during which gills and digestive glands were analyzed for biochemical changes and gene expression.
  • Results indicated that after 15 days of exposure, BDE-47 significantly disrupted cellular activity in mussels, particularly in the digestive gland, with long-lasting effects observed even after the contaminant was removed, raising concerns
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The use of biological immunostimulants is considered a valuable practice to improve culture conditions in aquaculture sector that may help to increase production and maintain healthy environment. We undertook this study in order to evaluate the potential effect of the administration of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) "EPLB" and "EPB" derived from potential probiotic strains on immune and antioxidant status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae.

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In the present study, the immune-stimulatory effect of two levels of honey bee pollen (5 and 10%, P5 and P10 treatment, respectively) and its supercritical fluid extract (0. 5 and 1%, E0.5 and E1, respectively) included in the diet, was tested in gilthead seabream .

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Origanum sp. is a very common genus of aromatic plants worldwide distributed around the Mediterranean area and O. vulgare (oregano) is the most important species of this genus throughout the world.

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Article Synopsis
  • A variety of contaminants, including industrial by-products and pharmaceuticals, have been found in seawater, often at low levels but capable of producing toxic effects when combined.
  • In a study using the SAF-1 cell line from Sparus aurata, researchers exposed the cells to increasing levels of carbamazepine, BDE-47, and cadmium chloride to assess their toxicity and effects on gene expression.
  • The results indicated that exposure to the mixture of these contaminants significantly impacted cell vitality and expression of genes related to antioxidant defense and cell cycle control, highlighting potential risks to marine life.
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The persistent pollutants polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been demonstrated to produce several negative effects on marine organisms. Although Mytilus galloprovincialis was extensively studied as model system, the effects of PBDEs on the innate immune system of mussels remains unclear. In this study, except for the control treatment, specimens of M.

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This study aimed to investigate the stress response of Sparus aurata specimens fed with nutraceutical aquafeed brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). For that purpose, 96 (169.0 ± 2.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent contaminants which are found all over the world in the marine environment. Sparus aurata fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) was exposed to increasing concentrations of PBDEs 47 and 99, until 72 h to evaluate the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of some selected molecular markers related to cell cycle, cell signaling, energetic balance and oxidative stress (p53, erk-1, hif-1α and nrf-2), by real-time PCR. Furthermore, SAF-1 cells were exposed for 7 and 15 days to sub-lethal concentrations, in order to evaluate the response of some biomarkers by immunoblotting (p53, ERK-1, AMPK, HIF-1α and NRF-2).

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